Summary
In Mullins v. Franz (162 App. Div. 316) the court said at page 317: "The courts exercise superintendence over judicial sales, and while reluctant ordinarily to interfere with them, they set them aside for fraud or misconduct in the purchaser or other persons connected with the sale, such as the plaintiff, his agent or attorney, or for the substantial errors or unauthorized acts of the referee, the agent of the court.
Summary of this case from House Mart, Inc. v. GiacaloneOpinion
May 1, 1914.
Louis J. Somerville [ Joseph W. Schwartz with him on the brief], for the appellants.
John C. Stemmermann, for the respondent.
The defendants Franz and Semken are the obligors on a bond. The defendant Hagen is the owner of an undivided one-half interest in the real property described in the complaint. The payment of the bonded indebtedness was secured by a mortgage upon that property. This action was brought to foreclose the mortgage. The defendants were served, but defaulted in appearing and pleading. The action proceeded to judgment of foreclosure and sale. The amount of the bonded indebtedness is $1,600. The amount found to be due by the judgment is $1,641.60. The amount of costs and allowances is $175.71. The reasonable value of the premises is $3,500. The property was sold to the plaintiff for $10 at the judicial sale.
The terms of sale, describing the mortgaged premises, contained this provision: "Subject to the right, title and interest, if any, of the City of New York, of, in and to the above premises, and subject to covenants and restrictions, if any." The judgment contained no direction or provision that the sale should be subject to such a provision. These facts are undisputed. An attorney examined the title to the premises and avers it to be his opinion that the title of the defendant owner is good and marketable. There is no fact stated by the purchaser to destroy this opinion, and no opinion is presented in opposition to it. The defendants named made a motion to the County Court for an order for a resale in harmony with the direction in the judgment, and for other appropriate relief. The court denied the motion, and it is from the order denying the motion that this appeal is taken. The question, therefore, is: Upon the conceded facts, can the order be sustained?
The courts exercise superintendence over judicial sales, and while reluctant ordinarily to interfere with them, they set them aside for fraud or misconduct in the purchaser or other persons connected with the sale, such as the plaintiff, his agent or attorney, or for the substantial errors or unauthorized acts of the referee, the agent of the court. ( Collier v. Whipple, 13 Wend. 224; Hale v. Clauson, 60 N.Y. 339; Riggs v. Pursell, 66 id. 193, 198; Fisher v. Hersey, 78 id. 387; Clapp v. McCabe, 155 id. 525, 532.)
In Wanser v. De Nyse ( 188 N.Y. 378, 380) the court say: "In this State a person who, in good faith, bids upon real property at a judicial sale where the particular interest offered is not expressly stated, has a right to assume that he is to receive a conveyance of the fee, and that the title to such real property is marketable."
"The plaintiff [in a foreclosure suit] was entitled to have the interest of the mortgagor, little or great, in the mortgaged premises, sold toward the satisfaction of his debt." ( Matter of Fales, 33 App. Div. 611, 612; affd., 157 N.Y. 705.)
The quality of the estate or the extent of the interest to be sold, or the liens, charges or incumbrances subject to which the property is to be sold, are not to be left to a mere ministerial officer, the referee, or to the control of the plaintiff's attorney. The referee has no power or authority except the judgment of the court. He cannot vary the judgment. He cannot make a sale except in compliance with it. He can sell neither more nor less than it directs him to sell. The terms of sale cannot vary the judgment or relieve the referee from the performance of his duty to sell as directed. ( People ex rel. Day v. Bergen, 53 N.Y. 404, 409; Heller v. Cohen, 154 id. 299, 308.)
Where the act of the referee is unauthorized and harmless, the parties may disregard it. Where the act of the referee is in excess of authority and a party in interest is not injured, the parties may disregard it and the purchaser cannot complain, and the court, on the motion of the parties affected, may ratify the act. Where the act is unauthorized and property rights of a party in interest are injured the act must be repudiated.
A referee who is directed by a judgment to sell certain described real property cannot insert in the terms of sale on his own motion or at the suggestion of the plaintiff or his agents a provision that the premises are sold subject to a vague, indefinite, uncertain outstanding interest in another. The effect of such an act is to make the subject-matter of the sale uninviting to intending purchasers, and the probable result is an unjust and needless sacrifice of the property of the owner of the mortgaged premises. (Freeman Void Judicial Sales [4th ed.], § 36; Ritter v. Devine, 80 Hun, 303, 306; affd., 150 N.Y. 582.)
The plaintiff upon the argument stated that the property was subject to taxes and assessments in a substantial amount. We are bound by the record, which shows that in this case plaintiff, the only bidder, purchased for $10 at a judicial sale under the circumstances described real property, the reasonable value of which is $3,500, and against which he had a claim for $1,641.60 and retained the right to a deficiency judgment against the obligors on the bond for the full amount of his claim.
The act of the referee was illegal and the sale cannot survive the attack of one who had a right to be heard concerning the matter and who is injured thereby.
I advise that the order of the County Court of Kings county be reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and motion granted, with ten dollars costs.
JENKS, P.J., BURR, CARR and PUTNAM, JJ., concurred.
Order of the County Court of Kings county reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and motion granted, with ten dollars costs.