Summary
In Moore, the wife requested that the trial court increase her alimony award, but the husband objected because the wife had not exercised her ability to collect payments from her pension.
Summary of this case from Del Pino v. Del PinoOpinion
No. 213457.
Submitted August 2, 2000, at Detroit.
Decided September 26, 2000, at 9:10 a.m.
Appeal from Oakland Circuit Court, LC No. 94-486529-DM.
Cameron Miller Associates, P.C. (by Cameron A. Miller and Michael Bartnicki), for the plaintiff. Plymouth Miller and Shensky, P.L.L.C. (by Katherine Wainwright Shensky), for the defendant. Bloomfield Hills
Before: Owens, P.J., and Jansen and R. B. Burns*, JJ.
This case presents a question of first impression in Michigan. We are asked to decide whether pension benefits that a payee chooses not to receive may be imputed to the payee for the purpose of computing the amount of alimony to which the payee is entitled. The trial court determined that the pension benefits should not be imputed to plaintiff, but that this income would be considered when plaintiff actually received it. The court also determined that plaintiff was not obligated to exercise her right to receive these benefits. We remand for further proceedings.
The parties' nearly thirty-year marriage ended in divorce on December 19, 1995. The divorce judgment provided, among other things, that plaintiff be awarded a fifty percent interest in that amount of defendant's General Motors pension that accrued from the date of their marriage, April 16, 1966, to the date of the judgment. The judgment also provided that plaintiff be awarded alimony of $100 a week, to be reevaluated and adjusted "commensurate with the parties incomes" when child support for the parties' minor son ceased.
In August of 1997, plaintiff filed a motion for review of alimony alleging that defendant's obligation to pay child support had ceased and that the trial court had intended that plaintiff's alimony be increased accordingly. The matter was referred to the friend of the court for an investigation, which recommended that defendant pay alimony of $237 a week. Defendant objected to the recommendation and requested that the court terminate alimony, arguing that plaintiff was entitled to collect over $1,000 a month from defendant's pension pursuant to the divorce judgment and that this sum should be imputed to plaintiff as income, thus obviating her need for alimony. The court disagreed and entered an order adopting the friend of the court recommendation of alimony in the amount of $237 a week, plus $25 toward defendant's arrearage. The trial court found that the parties' income should be considered when determining alimony, but held that it would not consider the pension as income to either party until they elected to receive the pension benefits.
The main objective of alimony is to balance the incomes and needs of the parties in a way that will not impoverish either party. Ackerman v Ackerman, 197 Mich. App. 300, 302; 495 N.W.2d 173 (1992). Alimony is to be based on what is just and reasonable under the circumstances of the case. Maake v Maake, 200 Mich. App. 184, 187; 503 N.W.2d 664 (1993). An alimony award can be modified upon a showing of changed circumstances. McCallister v McCallister, 205 Mich. App. 84, 86; 517 N.W.2d 268 (1994). The modification of an alimony award must be based on new facts or changed circumstances arising since the judgment of divorce. Ackerman, supra at 301.
We review the trial court's factual findings relating to the award or modification of alimony for clear error. Mitchell v Mitchell, 198 Mich. App. 393, 396; 499 N.W.2d 386 (1993). A finding is clearly erroneous if the appellate court is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id. If the trial court's findings are not clearly erroneous, this Court must then decide whether the dispositional ruling was fair and equitable in light of the facts. Id.
The voluntary reduction of income may be considered in determining the proper amount of alimony. Healy v Healy, 175 Mich. App. 187; 437 N.W.2d 355 (1989). If a court finds that a party has voluntarily reduced the party's income, the court may impute additional income in order to arrive at an appropriate alimony award. Id.
In this case, in determining whether imputing income to plaintiff was appropriate, the court should have considered whether plaintiff could elect to draw her share of the pension now without any reduction in benefits. If this is the case, we believe that plaintiff would be voluntarily reducing her income. Under this situation, Healy applies and the income should be imputed to plaintiff, if she did not receive the benefits currently. On the other hand, if by taking her share of the pension now she would receive a reduced amount, it is inappropriate to impute the pension benefits as income. For plaintiff to defer election of pension benefits to a later date when the benefits would be larger should not be viewed as a voluntary reduction in income, but rather as a possibly prudent investment strategy.
Accordingly, we remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.