Summary
In Moody v Westin Renaissance Co, 162 Mich. App. 743, 748; 413 N.W.2d 96 (1987), however, another panel of the Court of Appeals expressly rejected that analysis and concluded that § 11(b)(1) is a clear and unambiguous expression of the Legislature's intent "to isolate MESC determinations within the narrow confines of eligibility for benefits, leaving resolution of labor disputes, civil rights violations and contract disputes to forums more uniquely adapted to resolution of those disputes."
Summary of this case from Storey v. Meijer, Inc.Opinion
Docket No. 90989.
Decided September 9, 1987. Leave to appeal applied for.
Kelman, Loria, Downing, Schneider Simpson (by Nicholas J. Rine), for plaintiffs.
Honigman, Miller, Schwartz Cohn (by Thomas E. Marshall and Michael A. Heck), for defendant.
Plaintiffs, Mary Moody, her husband and their daughter, filed the instant action against Mary Moody's former employer, defendant, Westin Renaissance Company. The complaint alleged defendant breached a duty owed plaintiffs pursuant to the Civil Rights Act, MCL 37.2101 et seq.; MSA 3.548(101) et seq., when defendant failed to take appropriate action to restrain the conduct of an employee who had been sexually harassing Mary Moody. Defendant moved for a declaration of rights, seeking to have the trial court rule that a prior Michigan Employment Security Commission referee's determination in favor of plaintiff was not dispositive on the issues of liability in the present case. By leave granted, defendant appeals from the trial court's ruling that the MESC referee's determination was conclusive as to the issue of liability in the instant action. We reverse.
Plaintiff Mary Moody was employed as a semi-chef at the Westin Hotel from January, 1982, until May, 1983. Moody claims that during this period she was subjected to sexual and emotional harassment by a fellow employee, James Sills. Moody alleges she informed management about the sexual harassment, but little or nothing was done.
On May 3, 1983, the last day Moody worked at Westin, there was a confrontation between her and Sills in a stairwell in defendant's restaurant. Sills allegedly made physical contact with Moody and made threats against her safety. Plaintiff then quit her job and sought unemployment benefits.
Initially, the MESC determined that Moody was ineligible for benefits since she had voluntarily quit her job. However, that decision was appealed and following a hearing before a referee the earlier determination of disqualification was reversed. The referee's decision reflected that there had been a long-standing "very simmering situation" between Moody and a co-employee, "the employer had been placed on notice" of the allegations, "and that appropriate action was not taken by the employer in response thereto."
The referee held that benefit disqualification was not appropriate since Moody left her job for good cause attributable to her employer. Defendant did not appeal from that determination.
However, defendant now appeals from the subsequent decision of the trial court that the earlier MESC referee's determination was conclusive as to the issue of liability in the present case. Defendant argues that a determination of an MESC referee cannot be used to collaterally estop a party from litigating issues of liability in a subsequent sex discrimination suit.
Generally, the doctrine of collateral estoppel will apply to administrative determinations which are adjudicatory in nature where a method of appeal is provided and where it is clear that it was the legislative intention to make a determination final in the absence of an appeal. See Senior Accountants, Analysts Appraisers v Detroit, 399 Mich. 449; 249 N.W.2d 121 (1976).
The question presented in the present case is whether a determination by an MESC referee can be used in a subsequent civil action involving a claim of sexual harassment to collaterally estop defendant from litigating the issue of its tort liability. Section 11(b)(1) of the Employment Security Act provides in part:
Information obtained from any employing unit or individual pursuant to the administration of this act, and determinations as to the benefit rights of any individual shall be held confidential and shall not be disclosed or open to public inspection other than to public employees in the performance of their official duties pursuant to this act in any manner revealing the individual's or the employing unit's identity. However, any information in the commission's possession that may affect a claim for benefits or a charge to an employer's rating account shall be available to interested parties. Except as provided in this act, such information and determinations shall not be used in any action or proceeding before any court or administrative tribunal unless the commission is a party to or a complainant in the action or proceeding, or unless used for the prosecution of fraud, civil proceeding, or other legal proceeding pursuant to subdivision (2). Any report or statement, written or verbal, made by any person to the commission, any member of the commission, or to any person engaged in administering this law shall be a privileged communication, and a person, firm, or corporation shall not be held liable for slander or libel on account of a report or statement. Such records and reports in the custody of the commission shall be available for examination by the employer or employee affected. [MCL 421.11(b)(1); MSA 17.511(b)(1).]
Recently, this Court found that the Workers' Compensation Appeal Board erred when it referred to the prior exclusion of a plaintiff's MESC records by a workers' compensation hearing officer. See Wojciechowski v General Motors Corp, 151 Mich. App. 399; 390 N.W.2d 727 (1986). The Wojciechowski Court held that records of the MESC could not be used in any action or proceeding before any court or administrative tribunal unless the MESC was a party to the action or proceeding. Id. at 406.
The trial court in this case relied on Sias v General Motors Corp, 372 Mich. 542; 127 N.W.2d 357 (1964), to support its conclusion that the aforementioned statute only prohibits the use of MESC records as a basis for a libel or slander action. However, this narrow reading of MCL 421.11(b)(1); MSA 17.511(b)(1) has been rejected as misplaced because Sias was decided prior to the statute's 1965 amendment adding the prohibition against use of MESC records and determinations in a judicial or administrative proceeding unless the MESC is a party to the action. Wojciechowski, supra at 407. Where statutory language is clear and unambiguous, judicial interpretation that varies the plain meaning of the statute is precluded. See Nerat v Swacker, 150 Mich. App. 61, 64; 388 N.W.2d 305 (1986), lv den 426 Mich. 857 (1986); Hiltz v Phil's Quality Market, 417 Mich. 335, 343; 337 N.W.2d 237 (1983). Since § 11(b)(1) on its face prohibits the use of MESC determinations in judicial proceedings unless the MESC is a party, the statute's unambiguous language is not open to judicial interpretation. Such determinations should not be used to collaterally estop a party from litigating issues in a subsequent civil suit in circuit court.
We disagree with the recent decision by a panel of this Court in Storey v Meijer, Inc, 160 Mich. App. 589; 408 N.W.2d 510 (1987). That panel held that the statute was inapplicable because "defendant does not seek to use the MESC determination of ineligibility for unemployment benefits in the current action; rather, defendant seeks to use the MESC'S finding of fact that plaintiff was discharged for employee theft." Storey, supra, at 594. We think that whether it is called a finding of fact or a determination it collides dead solid against the statute. We further believe that it was just such situations as were presented in Storey and in the case at bar which motivated the Legislature to isolate MESC determinations within the narrow confines of eligibility for benefits, leaving resolution of labor disputes, civil rights violations and contract disputes to forums more uniquely adapted to resolution of those disputes.
We note also that the Storey Court may have relied to some extent on a recently decided federal case, Polk v Yellow Freight System, Inc, 801 F.2d 190 (CA 6, 1986). In Polk the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, applying Michigan law, held that an MESC determination that the plaintiff was discharged for misconduct precluded the plaintiff's subsequent action in circuit court for breach of an implied contract of employment. Polk dismissed the § 11(b)(1) statute in a footnote. It stated that the statute applies only to "internal determinations," not to the referee's or the board of review's decision. Polk, supra at 194, n 6. We do not see the word internal in the statute and we do not understand the rationale of that decision.
Cases in other jurisdictions have also held that unemployment compensation determinations do not act as collateral estoppel in subsequent civil actions. See Ferris v Hawkins, 135 Ariz. 329; 660 P.2d 1256 (Ariz. App, 1983), where the Arizona Court of Appeals rejected plaintiff's argument that his ex-employer was collaterally estopped from litigating the propriety of his discharge since that issue had already been decided in his favor at proceedings under Arizona's employment security act; Pratt v Local 683, Film Technicians, 260 Cal.App.2d 545; 67 Cal.Rptr. 483 (1968), where the California Court of Appeals ruled that a determination of the California unemployment insurance appeals board could not be used to collaterally estop litigation by an employee for breach of his employment contract; Hunt v OSR Chemicals, Inc, 85 A.D.2d 681; 445 N.Y.S.2d 499 (1981), where the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, held that an unemployment security commission finding was not preclusive in a breach of contract action.
Reversed.