Summary
holding that employee's written complaints referencing "job discrimination" and "job harassment"—but not noting discrimination on the basis of disability—did not "raise the specter that plaintiff either opposed a violation of the [Michigan Handicappers' Civil Rights Act] or 'ma[k]e a charge . . .' under the act."
Summary of this case from Skrine v. Barrett Paving Materials, Inc.Opinion
No. 212002.
Submitted December 7, 1999, at Detroit.
Decided April 28, 2000, at 9:20 a.m.
Appeal from Oakland Circuit Court, Michigan, LC No. 97-545306-NO.
Jayne F. Cucchiara, for the plaintiff, Southfield. Vlcko, Lane, Payne Broder, P.C. (by Andrew J. Broder), for the defendants, Bingham Farms.
Before: Smolenski, P.J., and Whitbeck and Zahra, JJ.
Plaintiff appeals as of right from a circuit court order granting defendants' motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10) and dismissing her claim for retaliatory discharge under the Michigan Handicappers' Civil Rights Act (HCRA), MCL 37.1602(a); MSA 3.550(602)(a). We affirm.
After plaintiff filed her action, the HCRA was renamed the Persons With Disabilities Civil Rights Act.
The trial court's ruling on a motion for summary disposition is reviewed de novo. Pinckney Community Schools v Continental Casualty Co, 213 Mich. App. 521, 525; 540 N.W.2d 748 (1995).
A motion under MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests the factual sufficiency of the complaint. In evaluating a motion for summary disposition brought under this subsection, a trial court considers affidavits, pleadings, depositions, admissions, and other evidence submitted by the parties, MCR 2.116(G)(5), in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. Where the proffered evidence fails to establish a genuine issue regarding any material fact, the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. MCR 2.116(C)(10), (G)(4). Quinto v Cross Peters Co, 451 Mich. 358; 547 N.W.2d 314 (1996). [ Maiden v Rozwood, 461 Mich. 109, 119-120; 597 N.W.2d 817 (1999).]
In her sole issue on appeal, plaintiff contends that genuine issues of material fact exist that preclude summary disposition of her claim of illegal retaliation under the HCRA, MCL 37.1602; MSA 3.550(602), which provides in pertinent part:
A person or 2 or more persons shall not do the following:
(a) Retaliate or discriminate against a person because the person has opposed a violation of this act, or because the person has made a charge, filed a complaint, testified, assisted, or participated in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this act.
In construing the nearly identical provision of the Civil Rights Act, this Court stated in DeFlaviis v Lord Taylor, Inc, 223 Mich. App. 432, 436; 566 N.W.2d 661 (1997):
MCL 37.2701(a); MSA 3.548(701)(a).
To establish a prima facie case of unlawful retaliation under the Civil Rights Act, a plaintiff must show (1) that he engaged in a protected activity; (2) that this was known by the defendant; (3) that the defendant took an employment action adverse to the plaintiff; and (4) that there was a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse employment action.
In discussing the antiretaliation provision of the Civil Rights Act, this Court stated in McLemore v Detroit Receiving Hosp Univ Medical Ctr, 196 Mich. App. 391, 396; 493 N.W.2d 441 (1992), that
[r]egardless of the vagueness of the charge or the lack of formal invocation of the protection of the [Civil Rights Act], if an employer's decision to terminate or otherwise adversely effect [sic] an employee is a result of that employee raising the spectre of a discrimination complaint, retaliation prohibited by the act occurs.
Because the HCRA has the same purposes and goals as the Civil Rights Act, MCL 37.2101 et seq.; MSA 3.548(101) et seq.; Milnikel v Mercy-Memorial Medical Ctr, Inc, 183 Mich. App. 221, 223-224; 454 N.W.2d 132 (1989), we conclude that the reasoning set forth in DeFlaviis and McLemore with respect to the retaliation provision of the Civil Rights Act applies with equal force to the retaliation provision of the HCRA.
Here, the evidence showed that plaintiff sent a written complaint to the human resources manager indicating that Jill Blake, her supervisor, had engaged in "job discrimination" because she would not allow plaintiff to participate in a sales promotion. While plaintiff's complaint mentioned that she accomplished numerous sales "during limited hours due to my physical disability," she did not suggest or imply that the alleged job discrimination was related to her disability. She sent a second written complaint indicating that Blake had engaged in "job harassment" because she had disputed whether sales plaintiff had made could be credited toward her total sales for another promotion and had called plaintiff a liar. However, because plaintiff's complaints did not state, imply, or raise the specter that plaintiff either opposed a violation of the HCRA or "made a charge, filed a complaint, testified, assisted, or participated in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing" under the act, this evidence does not establish that plaintiff participated in a protected activity.
Although plaintiff asserted that she raised the issue of handicap discrimination at a meeting with the human resources manager and Blake, she testified at her deposition that she admitted at the close of the meeting that Blake treated her the same as everyone else. While plaintiff denied in her affidavit having made such concession, she cannot create a factual issue by asserting the contrary in her affidavit after having given damaging testimony in her deposition. See Kaufman Payton, PC v Nikkila, 200 Mich. App. 250, 256-257; 503 N.W.2d 728 (1993), which recognized the principle expressed in Downer v Detroit Receiving Hosp, 191 Mich. App. 232; 477 N.W.2d 146 (1991), "that parties may not contrive factual issues merely by asserting the contrary in an affidavit after having given damaging testimony in a deposition."
Plaintiff having failed to make out a prima facie case of retaliatory discharge under the HCRA, the trial court did not err in granting defendants' motion for summary disposition.
Affirmed.