Opinion
No. 02-06-051-CV
Delivered: September 14, 2006.
Appeal from the County Court at Law of Wise County.
Panel F: HOLMAN, GARDNER, and WALKER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
I. INTRODUCTION
This is an appeal from a suit on a sworn account. The trial court entered a judgment awarding Appellee Karl Klement Ford, L.P. ("Klement") $6,260.24, an amount representing the delinquent balance due on an open account that Appellant Donnie Melton, d/b/a Donnie's Wrecker Bodyshop ("Melton") used to purchase parts from Klement. In two issues, Melton complains that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion for continuance and that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to show that Klement sold and delivered the parts to him. We will affirm.
II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Melton owns a wrecker service and body shop business in Wichita Falls named "Donnie's Bodyshop." The business is contained in two separate buildings located about 300 yards from each other. Klement sells auto parts and accessories in Decatur and manages approximately 1,400 parts department wholesale accounts.
Sometime around September 2002, Klement approved Melton's application for credit with its parts department. The account was set up under the name of "Donnie's Wrecker and Bodyshop," and the business was billed under the same name. Klement assigned Melton a customer number, which identifies Melton's account, and Melton used a tax identification number assigned to him by a Texas sales and use tax permit to avoid paying sales tax on the purchased parts. Melton's customer number appears on invoices produced by Klement that identify the transactions.
It was a common course of business for Melton's employees to operate the body shop, which included ordering parts from Klement, while Melton handled managerial issues associated with the business. Klement delivered parts ordered on the account to the body shop, not directly to Melton.
Although Melton's payments on the account were generally timely, the balance on the account became thirty days past due on six or seven different occasions during the last few years, which prompted an employee in Klement's parts department to visit Melton's wrecker office in order to collect the balance due. On these occasions, an employee in the wrecker office would issue a check for the past due amount.
In March 2005, Melton's account had a delinquent balance of $8,294.75. A Klement employee, Charles Goen, visited the business and was directed for the first time to collect the past due amount from the body shop instead of the wrecker office. At the body shop, Goen spoke to Jason Beavers, a body shop employee, who said that he could not pay the balance due. Beavers indicated, however, that he had a number of returns, which Goen credited to the account, lowering the balance to $6,260.24.
Klement eventually sued Melton to collect the balance due on the account because Melton refused to pay it. Attached to Klement's petition asserting a suit on sworn account are a number of invoices evidencing purchases made on Melton's account with Klement. The invoices are dated from January 26, 2005 through April 1, 2005, and each invoice contains the same customer number that Klement had assigned to Melton. They also contain the same "FTE," or federal tax identification number.
At trial, which was to the bench, Melton testified that Beavers was responsible for the debt owed on the Klement account because he and Beavers had entered into a "lease-purchase" agreement sometime in October 2004. According to Melton, Beavers agreed to "lease-purchase" the body shop for one year. If Beavers made all of the monthly payments, then Melton would consider it a down payment on the purchase of the body shop. Melton testified that he had contacted all of his suppliers, including Lonny Leming, a Klement employee in the parts department who was familiar with Melton's account, and told them that he would no longer be responsible for any body shop debts because of the lease-purchase agreement with Beavers. Beavers executed an assumed name certificate in Wichita County under the name of "Donnie's Paint and Body Shop" and had checks made with his name printed under the business name "Donnie's Paint and Body Shop."
During the period that he lease-purchased the body shop from Melton, however, Beavers ordered parts on Melton's Klement account, as evidenced by the invoices attached to Klement's petition. Beavers used Melton's customer number and sales tax number in making the purchases. Melton's arrangement with Beavers ended in mid-April 2005 because Beavers fell behind on his monthly payments. Melton then took the body shop "back over" after he had "repossessed it."
According to Klement employees, Klement did not learn about the lease-purchase agreement between Melton and Beavers until March 2005, after Beavers's had ordered parts on Melton's account. Leming denied ever having received notice from Melton that Melton was not responsible for Beavers's debts, and Goen recounted that he had never received any type of communication from anyone associated with Melton's business regarding the sale or lease-purchase of the body shop.
The trial court entered a judgment in favor of Klement for $6,260.24. The trial court also found in favor of Melton on his cross-claim against Beavers in the same amount and entered findings of fact and conclusions of law at Melton's request. The trial court found, among other things, that Melton authorized and regularly confirmed and ratified the authority of his employees, including Beavers, to place orders for and receive parts from Klement; that Melton's employees would sign for the parts as they were delivered by Klement; that Klement accepted orders from and delivered parts to Beavers only in his capacity as Melton's employee; and that Melton did not communicate any notice, written or otherwise, to Klement of his intent to terminate his personal liability under his contract to pay for parts sold to Donnie's Bodyshop by Klement. The trial court concluded, among other things, that Melton remained personally liable to Klement for all merchandise ordered by and delivered to Donnie's Bodyshop until March 2005, when Klement received notice of Melton's intent to terminate his personal liability under the account contract. This appeal followed.
III. MOTION FOR CONTINUANCE
Melton moved for a continuance on the morning of the trial because Beavers, whom Melton had joined as a party and asserted a cross-claim against, did not appear for the trial. The trial court denied Melton's motion for continuance. In his first issue, Melton argues that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion for continuance because Beavers's testimony was material to the outcome of the case and because he used diligence in attempting to procure Beavers's testimony.
Klement's initial argument that Melton waived this issue because he failed to include the motion for continuance and supporting affidavit in the clerk's record is moot because we directed the clerk of the trial court to supplement the record with Melton's motion and affidavit. See TEX. R. APP. P. 34.5(c).
We review a trial court's ruling granting or denying a motion for continuance for an abuse of discretion. See BMC Software Belg., N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 800 (Tex. 2002). We do not substitute our discretion for that of the trial court. In re Nitla S.A. de C.V., 92 S.W.3d 419, 422 (Tex. 2002) (orig. proceeding). Instead, we must determine whether the trial court's action was so arbitrary and unreasonable as to amount to a clear and prejudicial error of law. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 800. The focus is on whether the trial court acted without reference to guiding rules or principles. Goode v. Shoukfeh, M.D., 943 S.W.2d 441, 446 (Tex. 1997).
If the basis for the requested continuance is "want of testimony," the movant must provide an affidavit in support of the motion stating that the sought-after testimony is material, showing the materiality of the testimony, showing that due diligence has been used to obtain the testimony, stating that the testimony cannot be procured from another source, and stating the name and residence of the witness. TEX. R. CIV. P. 252; Tri-Steel Structures, Inc. v. Baptist Found. of Tex., 166 S.W.3d 443, 447-48 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2005, pet. denied).
Here, Melton moved for a continuance on the day of the trial based on the want of Beavers's testimony. Melton included an affidavit in support of his motion for continuance, stating,
I am unable to obtain the testimony of Jason Beavers of Wichita Falls, Texas.
Jason Beavers is unavailable to attend the hearing as is currently set because his child is ill, and there are no other persons with whom the child may be placed on this date.
Defendant, Donnie Melton, has requested that Jason Beavers be joined as a third party to this lawsuit, and, therefore, the testimony of Jason Beavers is material to the issues of this lawsuit.
Defendant, Donnie Melton, had Jason Beavers'[s] served with a subpoena to insure the appearance of Jason Beavers at the final hearing of all issues before the Court.
Defedant, Donnie Melton, believes that Jason Beavers'[s] testimony will show the Court that Defendant, Donnie Melton, is not responsible for the claims made by Plaintiff, Karl Klement Ford.
Melton's affidavit does not satisfy the materiality and diligence requirements of rule 252. His statement that "Beavers'[s] testimony will show the Court that [Melton] is not responsible" for the claims made by Klement is conclusory and does not detail the substance of the testimony that Melton intended to elicit from Beavers or state that this testimony could not be procured from any other source. And Melton's statement that Beavers's testimony is material because he joined Beavers as a party did not entitle Melton to a continuance without any further explanation. See Vickery v. Vickery, 999 S.W.2d 342, 363 (Tex. 1999) (stating that mere absence of a party does not entitle movant to a continuance). Although Melton's affidavit states that he served Beavers with a subpoena, the record does not demonstrate that Melton attempted to procure Beavers's testimony by taking his deposition or by obtaining it from some other source. See State v. Wood Oil Distrib., Inc., 751 S.W.2d 863, 865 (Tex. 1988) (stating that failure of litigant to diligently utilize the rules of civil procedure for discovery purposes will not authorize the granting of a continuance). The affidavit also failed to state when Beavers would be available to testify. See Briscoe v. Goodmark Corp., 130 S.W.3d 160, 169 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2003, no pet.). The trial court further recognized that multiple other witnesses who had been subpoenaed were present to testify. Accordingly, the trial court's denial of Melton's motion for continuance was not arbitrary or unreasonable and, therefore, was not an abuse of discretion. See Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 800. We overrule Melton's first issue.
IV. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE — SALE AND DELIVERY
In his second issue, Melton argues that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to show that Klement sold and delivered goods to him. Within the context of this argument, Melton argues that Beavers did not have the authority to act as his agent in purchasing the parts on his account with Klement and that Klement had notice that Melton was not responsible for Beavers's debts to Klement because of the lease-purchase agreement.
Melton's sale and delivery, authority, and notice arguments implicitly challenge the trial court's seventeenth (Melton authorized his employees to place orders for auto parts used in the body shop), twenty-first (Melton regularly confirmed and ratified his employees' authority to obtain parts from Klement by accepting auto parts ordered by his employees and paying for those parts), twenty-third (Klement's deliveries of automobile parts to Melton were in the regular course of business), and forty-third (until March 2005, Klement did not have actual knowledge of Melton's agreement to sell the sole proprietorship known as Donnie's Bodyshop to Beavers or any other person) findings of fact.
A. Standards of Review
Findings of fact entered in a case tried to the court have the same force and dignity as a jury's answers to jury questions. Anderson v. City of Seven Points, 806 S.W.2d 791, 794 (Tex. 1991). The trial court's findings of fact are reviewable for legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support them by the same standards that are applied in reviewing evidence supporting a jury's answer. Ortiz v. Jones, 917 S.W.2d 770, 772 (Tex. 1996); Catalina v. Blasdel, 881 S.W.2d 295, 297 (Tex. 1994).
A legal sufficiency challenge may only be sustained when: (1) the record discloses a complete absence of evidence of a vital fact; (2) the court is barred by rules of law or of evidence from giving weight to the only evidence offered to prove a vital fact; (3) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no more than a mere scintilla; or (4) the evidence establishes conclusively the opposite of a vital fact. Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co. v. Martinez, 977 S.W.2d 328, 334 (Tex. 1998), cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1040 (1999); Robert W. Calvert, "No Evidence" and "Insufficient Evidence" Points of Error, 38 TEX. L. REV. 361, 362-63 (1960). In determining whether there is legally sufficient evidence to support the finding under review, we must consider evidence favorable to the finding if a reasonable factfinder could, and disregard evidence contrary to the finding unless a reasonable factfinder could not. City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827 (Tex. 2005). Anything more than a scintilla of evidence is legally sufficient to support the finding. Cont'l Coffee Prods. Co. v. Cazarez, 937 S.W.2d 444, 450 (Tex. 1996); Leitch v. Hornsby, 935 S.W.2d 114, 118 (Tex. 1996).
In contrast, an assertion that the evidence is factually insufficient to support a fact finding means that the evidence supporting the finding is so weak or the evidence to the contrary is so overwhelming that the answer should be set aside and a new trial ordered. Garza v. Alviar, 395 S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tex. 1965). We are required to consider all of the evidence in the case in making this determination, not just the evidence that supports the finding. Mar. Overseas Corp. v. Ellis, 971 S.W.2d 402, 406-07 (Tex.), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1017 (1998). The trier of fact is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given to their testimony. See Golden Eagle Archery, Inc. v. Jackson, 116 S.W.3d 757, 761 (Tex. 2003).
B. Sworn Account and Apparent Authority
The elements necessary to prove a suit on a sworn account are (1) a sale and delivery of the goods, (2) that the charges on the account are just and true, and (3) that the amount is unpaid. TEX. R. CIV. P. 185; Site Work Group, Inc. v. Chem. Lime Ltd., 171 S.W.3d 512, 513-14 (Tex.App.-Waco 2005, no pet.); Gibson v. Bostick Roofing Sheet Metal Co., 148 S.W.3d 482, 490 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2004, no pet.). The cause of action must be supported by the affidavit of the party, his agent, or attorney taken before some officer authorized to administer oaths, to the effect that such claim is, within the knowledge of the affiant, just and true, that it is due, and that all just and lawful offsets, payments, and credits have been allowed. TEX. R. CIV. P. 185. Melton challenges only the sale and delivery element of Klement's sworn account claim.
A "sale" consists of the passing of title from the seller to the buyer for a price. TEX. BUS. COM. CODE ANN. § 2.106 (Vernon 1994). A "buyer" is one who buys or contracts to buy goods, and a "seller" is one who sells or contracts to sell goods. Id. § 2.103(a)(1), (4).
Apparent authority is established by showing that a principal either knowingly permitted an agent to hold himself out as having authority or showed such lack of ordinary care as to clothe the agent with indicia of authority. NationsBank, N.A. v. Dilling, 922 S.W.2d 950, 952-53 (Tex. 1996). An agent acting within the scope of his apparent authority binds a principal as though the principal himself had performed the action taken. Ames v. Great S. Bank, 672 S.W.2d 447, 450 (Tex. 1984). A court may consider only the conduct of the principal leading a third party to believe that the agent has authority in determining whether an agent has apparent authority. Dilling, 922 S.W.2d at 953.
Notice is ordinarily a question of fact; it is a question of law only when there is no room for ordinary minds to differ as to the proper conclusions to be drawn from the evidence. Carroll Instrument Co.v. B.W.B. Controls, Inc., 677 S.W.2d 654, 657 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1984, no writ).
C. The Evidence is Legally and Factually Sufficient
Here, the evidence shows that Melton entered into a credit agreement with Klement in September 2002 whereby Melton agreed to pay for parts purchased on the account from Klement. Klement assigned Melton a customer number identifying his account, and Melton used a sales and use tax identification number when ordering parts.
During the past few years, Melton exercised more of a managerial role at the business and permitted the body shop employees, including Beavers, to order parts on the Klement account. The ordered parts were delivered to the body shop and received by body shop employees; they were not delivered directly to Melton. According to Leming, Melton did not have a problem with his employees ordering parts for the business. James Skinner, a former employee at the body shop, agreed that Melton was not at the business "a lot" and that it would have been "pretty stupid" if the body shop employees would have had to locate Melton so that Klement could deliver the parts to him personally. And Gary Dollar, a paint and body supplies vendor who also sold supplies to Melton, testified that his employees delivered ordered goods to the body shop and that the body shop employees, not Melton, received the goods. Klement accordingly invoiced all parts ordered on the account to "Donnie's Wrecker and Bodyshop," and Melton regularly paid the invoices under this name.
Although Melton testified that he contacted all of his suppliers and informed them that he would no longer be responsible for any body shop debts, Leming, Goen, and Leroy Faltermier, Klement's parts manager, testified that they never received any notice about the arrangement until March 2005 — after Beavers had ordered parts from Klement using Melton's customer account number and sales and use tax number, after the parts had been delivered to the same business address as the previous orders, and after the account had incurred a delinquent balance of $8,294.75. The trial court, as the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given to their testimony, was free to disbelieve Melton's testimony that he gave Klement notice of his arrangement with Beavers. See Jackson, 116 S.W.3d at 761. Moreover, Melton admitted that there was no written agreement evidencing the lease-purchase agreement and that he did not send out any written notices or run any advertisements announcing the sale of the body shop. Melton also testified that there were no changes made to the appearance of the body shop while Beavers operated it. Goen, who personally handles over 400 wholesale accounts for Klement, explained that certain procedures have to be followed when creating a new account and that no new account was created for Beavers.
Citing section 4.005 of the business organizations code, Melton argues that the trial court should have taken notice of the effect that the assumed name certificate that Beavers filed had on the ownership of Donnie's Bodyshop. But section 4.005 applies to certificates issued by the secretary of state, not the county, and section 5.051, titled "Assumed Name," provides that the subchapter does not apply to an assumed name set forth under Chapter 36 of the Texas Business and Commerce Code, which is the authority under which Beavers filed his assumed name. TEX. BUS. ORG. CODE § 5.051. His argument is thus unpersuasive.
Section 4.005(a) provides that
a court . . . shall accept a certificate issued as provided by this code by the secretary of state or a copy of a filing instrument accepted by the secretary of state for filing as provided by this code that is certified by the secretary of state as prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the certificate or instrument.
Tex. Bus. Org. Code § 4.005(a) (Vernon 2006).
Melton also argues that Beavers's checks made out to him representing payment towards the purchase of the body shop further served to provide Klement with notice that Beavers was not his agent. But the checks that were admitted into evidence were made out to Melton, not Klement. Melton does not explain how the checks had the effect of putting Klement on notice of his arrangement with Beavers prior to March 2005.
Melton further argues that he should not be responsible for the charges made on the account because he is a "stranger-to-the-account." Klement is correct when he responds that this defense is more appropriately described as a rule of pleading, which dispenses with the rule that makes a verified account prima facie evidence of the account in the absence of a verified denial when the plaintiff's own pleadings or exhibits reflect that the defendant was not a party to the original transaction. See Gibson, 148 S.W.3d at 490-91. Nonetheless, addressing Melton's argument, we note that his customer account number, tax number, and address appear on the invoices attached to Klement's pleading. Combined with the evidence supporting the trial court's finding that Klement did not have actual knowledge of Melton's agreement to lease-purchase or sell his business before March 2005, his argument is unpersuasive.
Accordingly, viewing the evidence favorable to the trial court's findings and disregarding the evidence and inferences contrary thereto, we hold that the evidence is legally sufficient to show that Klement sold and delivered goods to Melton; that Melton's course of conduct clothed his employees, including Beavers, with the apparent authority to order and receive parts from Klement on his credit account; and that Klement did not receive notice regarding Melton's nonliability for debt incurred by Beavers pursuant to their lease-purchase agreement until March 2005. City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827; Martinez, 977 S.W.2d at 334. Moreover, considering all of the evidence, the evidence supporting the same findings is not so weak or the evidence to the contrary is not so overwhelming that a new trial should be ordered. Garza, 395 S.W.2d at 823. The evidence is thus also factually sufficient to support the trial court's findings. See Ellis County State Bank v. Keever, 888 S.W.2d 790, 794 (Tex. 1994) (stating that court of appeals need not detail supporting evidence when upholding the factual sufficiency of the evidence underlying the trial court's judgment). We overrule Melton's second issue.
V. CONCLUSION
Having overruled both of Melton's issues, we affirm the trial court's judgment.