Opinion
Argued January 6th, 1870
Decided March 17th, 1870
Amasa J. Parker, for the appellant.
William Gleason, for respondent.
The case presents but a single question. Abram McClaughry borrows money or makes a purchase of the plaintiff, for which he gives him his note for $300, with interest. No time of payment is specified. At the time of making and delivering the note, Abram promised and agreed with the plaintiff, that he would procure his father to sign the note as surety, if at any time the plaintiff should desire it, or should deem himself insecure. The plaintiff accepted the note upon this agreement. In a few months the plaintiff desired the additional security, and Abram procured his father to sign the note for the accommodation of him, Abram, and redelivered it to the plaintiff. No new consideration then passed between the parties or to the father.
I cannot doubt that the defendant is liable in this action. Both principle and authority concur in this result. The note was past due, when the holder became dissatisfied with his security. He informs the maker that he is not satisfied. Two courses were open to the latter, to pay the note or to give the holder additional security. He adopts the last alternative. He procures his father to put his name upon the note, and, in the language of the judge, "redelivered" to the plaintiff the note thus signed. I am not able to see why this is not a new agreement upon a present and valid consideration, and obligatory upon all parties.
The case was argued, however, chiefly upon the second ground, to wit: That at the time of obtaining the money or property, and as a portion of the bargain by which the plaintiff accepted a note, the maker agreed to obtain the name of his father upon the same, whenever desired by the plaintiff, and that the signature was given in performance of that agreement. This position is sound also. Suretyship upon promissory notes may be made in various forms, as by becoming an undersigner, an indorser or formal guarantor. In every form the existence of a sufficient consideration between the maker and the lender establishes a sufficient consideration also as against the surety. In practice there is usually no communication between the lender and the surety. The business is transacted between the principals alone. A borrower applies at a bank for a loan, offering to furnish the name of his friend as security, or presents, in the first instance, a note so indorsed. It is neither customary nor necessary for the bank to investigate the relations existing between, or the motives operating upon, the different parties. It is enough that it is the fact that the one is willing to become the surety for the other. In inquiring into the consideration, we inquire, therefore, only so far as to ascertain that a sufficient consideration exists between the principals in the transaction.
How is it in the case before us. The authorities are clear upon the two propositions involved in the question. 1. If Abram had given his note to the plaintiff, and the same had been accepted in performance of the contract without further condition, and the note was yet unmatured, the obtaining an additional indorser would have been a gratuitous act on the part of Abram, and the indorser would not be bound. He would not be bound, not because there was no direct consideration moving to himself, but because there was no sufficient consideration moving to his principal. On the other hand, if Abram had originally agreed with the lender that he would obtain the new indorser, and had obtained the money upon the faith of that promise, then his finding the additional indorser was based upon a valid consideration, and the indorser was held by his signature. To this precise point is the case of Moies v. Bird (11 Mass. R., 436). This case has been recognized and affirmed in Hawkes v. Phillips (7 Gray, 284); Lovering v. Fogg (18 Pick. R., 540); Leonard v. Wildes (36 Maine R., 265.) See also Parks v. Brinckerhoff (2 Hill, 663); Clark v. Rawson (2 Denio, 135).
I see no objection to the admissibility of the testimony complained of.
Judgment should be affirmed with costs.
FOSTER, J., also read an opinion for affirmance on the ground that "the transaction was agreed to by all the parties, and that, as between the payee, Abram and his father, the note, signed by both the latter, was, to all intents, legally the same as if the note executed by the son alone had been surrendered up and canceled, and the note in question had then been wholly executed and delivered to the plaintiff upon the original debt due from Abram to him."
For affirmance, HUNT, FOSTER, SMITH, INGALLS, GROVER, JJ., and EARL, Ch. J.
For reversal, LOTT and SUTHERLAND, JJ.
Judgment affirmed.