Summary
In Michigan Basic Property Ins Ass'n v Hackert Furniture Distributing Co, Inc, 194 Mich. App. 230, 235-236; 486 N.W.2d 68 (1992), this Court held that the phrase "necessitated by the rejection" denotes only a temporal demarcation, precluding recovery of fees for hours spent before rejection of the mediation evaluation.
Summary of this case from Severn v. Sperry Corp.Opinion
Docket No. 129710.
Decided February 27, 1992; approved for publication May 14, 1992, at 9:05 A.M.
Denenberg, Tuffley, Bocan, Jamieson, Black, Hopkins Ewald, P.C. (by Curt A. Benson and Jeffrey R. Learned), for the plaintiff.
Charles F. Justian, for the defendants.
Before: MARILYN KELLY, P.J., and DOCTOROFF and GRIFFIN, JJ.
Plaintiff, Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association, appeals from a circuit court order awarding $59,968.75 in mediation sanctions to defendants, Ervin Hackert, Hackert Furniture Distributing Company, Inc., and Furniture Mart, Inc. Plaintiff asserts that the trial court erred in awarding attorney fees for services that were not necessitated by its rejection of the mediation evaluation. It also contends that the $125 hourly fee used by the trial court to calculate attorney fees was too high. Defendants cross appeal, arguing that the $125 hourly fee was too low. We affirm.
In 1987, a fire destroyed the Williams Distributing Building in Grand Rapids. Plaintiff, as insurer of the building, paid Williams Distributing Company $418,521 for the damage. Defendants had sublet part of the building and insured their property through Auto-Owners Insurance Company. Auto-Owners initially paid defendants approximately $200,000; however, it ceased payments after its investigation indicated that defendants had intentionally started the fire and committed fraud.
Plaintiff filed this suit seeking to recover the funds it paid to Williams Distributing. The case was consolidated with a suit which Auto-Owners brought against defendants. The latter action sought return of the money already paid to defendants under their insurance policy with Auto-Owners and a declaratory judgment that the insurer had no liability to defendants. Both plaintiff and Auto-Owners alleged that defendants intentionally set the fire. In addition, Auto-Owners claimed fraud.
Prior to trial, the consolidated cases went to mediation. MCR 2.403. The mediation panel returned a unanimous "no cause" evaluation on both claims. Plaintiff and Auto-Owners rejected the evaluation. Defendants accepted.
At trial, the parties presented twenty-five witnesses over a thirty-three-day period. The jury found that, while the fire was caused by arson, defendants were not the arsonist nor were they in concert with him. Thus, plaintiff was not entitled to damages from defendants. However, the jury concluded that defendants had defrauded Auto-Owners and awarded it $202,095.
Following trial, defendants filed a motion for mediation sanctions seeking costs and attorney fees from plaintiff under MCR 2.403(O)(6). Defendants sought $102,375 in attorney fees for 682.50 hours spent on the case at $150 per hour. Plaintiff countered that it was responsible to pay attorneys fees for only three hours' worth of defendants' attorney's work. The balance of defendants' preparation and trial time, it contended, was spent either exclusively on Auto-Owner's case or on the two cases jointly.
The trial judge ruled that defendants were not entitled to fees for hours spent prior to the notice of plaintiff's rejection of the mediation evaluation. However, he rejected plaintiff's contention that only those hours attributable exclusively to plaintiff's case were recoverable. Rather, he included hours that were necessary to defend against plaintiff's claim, even if spent defending also against Auto-Owners' claims. The judge recognized that the defenses overlapped considerably and that the majority of the testimony presented by Auto-Owners was important to plaintiff's case.
The judge found that six of the twenty-five witnesses presented at trial were not necessary to plaintiff's case. He noted that plaintiff had not even questioned the six witnesses. Accordingly, he reduced the number of hours otherwise recoverable under MCR 2.403 by twenty-four percent. The judge recognized that this means of apportioning the hours did not conform to any exact science. Nonetheless, he believed that the method fairly determined how much of the trial was attributable to plaintiff's rejection of the mediation award.
As to the hourly rate, the judge commented that defendants' attorney had considerable expertise in defending insureds' interests. He could undoubtedly command a $150 per hour fee in the eastern part of the state. However, the judge deemed a $125 per hour rate more appropriate in Kent County. The final attorney fees award totaled $59,968.75.
We will uphold an award of attorney fees under MCR 2.403 absent an abuse of discretion. Jernigan v General Motors Corp, 180 Mich. App. 575, 587; 447 N.W.2d 822 (1989). The trial court's decision is an abuse of discretion only if grossly violative of fact and logic. Spalding v Spalding, 355 Mich. 382, 384-385; 94 N.W.2d 810 (1959).
Under MCR 2.403, a party which rejects a mediation evaluation must pay the opposing party's actual costs, unless it obtains a verdict more favorable than the evaluation. MCR 2.403(O)(1). "Actual costs" include
a reasonable attorney fee based on a reasonable hourly or daily rate as determined by the trial judge for services necessitated by the rejection of the mediation evaluation. [MCR 2.403(O)(6).]
Interpretation of a court rule is subject to the same principles which govern statutory construction. Taylor v Anesthesia Associates of Muskegon, PC, 179 Mich. App. 384, 386; 445 N.W.2d 525 (1989). The primary goal of both is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the Legislature. Lorencz v Ford Motor Co, 187 Mich. App. 63, 68-69; 466 N.W.2d 346 (1991), lv gtd 437 Mich. 1036 (1991). The overall purpose of the mediation rule is to encourage settlement and deter protracted litigation. The purpose behind the mediation sanction rule is to place the burden of litigation costs upon the party which requires a trial by rejecting a proposed mediation award. Warren v Pickering, 192 Mich. App. 153; 480 N.W.2d 306 (1991); Bien v Venticinque, 151 Mich. App. 229, 232; 390 N.W.2d 702 (1986).
Plaintiff urges interpretation of the "necessitated by the rejection" language to allow attorney fees only where they could have been avoided had the rejecting party accepted the mediation evaluation. In this case, plaintiff insists that its rejection of the evaluation did not "necessitate" defendants' attorney fees; defendants would have been obliged to present essentially the same defense in response to the suit by Auto-Owners even if plaintiff were no longer a party to the suit.
Adoption of the interpretation urged by plaintiff would frustrate the purpose of the statute. Indeed, under plaintiff's interpretation, a winning party would be unable to recover its attorney fees in cases where it was facing multiple opponents with identical or overlapping defenses. At a motion for sanctions, each loser would assert that the winner would have incurred the same expenses in defending against the others had the loser accepted mediation. The winning party would end up bearing the burden of its litigation costs, and the sanctions rule would provide no deterrent to protracted litigation.
We agree with Judge MacKENZIE that the phrase "necessitated by the rejection" was intended as a temporal demarcation to permit recovery of reasonable attorney fees incurred after mediation is rejected, not before. Maple Hill Apartment Co v Stine (On Remand), 147 Mich. App. 687, 695-696; 382 N.W.2d 849 (1985) (partial dissent by MacKENZIE, J.). Judge MacKENZIE wrote:
This construction is borne out by the Committee Notes accompanying GCR 1963, 316 [the predecessor rule to MCR 2.403]. There, the staff explains that under the rule's definition of "actual costs", "[o]nly costs made necessary by the rejection of the evaluation ( i.e., post-mediation costs) are recoverable". [Emphasis added. Id., 696.]
In the instant case, the trial court properly excluded the fees defendants initially claimed for hours spent prior to plaintiff's rejection of the mediation evaluation. Moreover, it did not abuse its discretion in determining the number of hours defendants' attorney spent defending after plaintiff rejected the evaluation. As plaintiff concedes in its brief, much of Auto-Owners' proofs was favorable to plaintiff. Thus, the trial court properly exercised its judgment in holding plaintiff accountable for the hours when Auto-Owners was examining some of its important witnesses.
Further, we find no abuse of discretion in the judge's finding that twenty-four percent of the witnesses were unnecessary to plaintiff's case. Plaintiff should not be forced to pay for litigation hours expended through no fault of its own. Bien, 232. We agree with the trial judge that there is no exact science for determining which witnesses are unnecessary or important to which parties. The method used by the judge was reasonable in this case and should be affirmed. Spalding, 384-385.
Lastly, the judge did not abuse his discretion in reaching a $125 per hour figure for attorney fees. Wood v DAIIE, 413 Mich. 573, 588; 321 N.W.2d 653 (1982); Temple v Kelel Distributing Co, Inc, 183 Mich. App. 326, 333; 454 N.W.2d 610 (1990). Contrary to plaintiff's suggestion, the judge was not precluded from considering expenses incurred by defendants' attorney when determining a reasonable attorney fee. Id.
Affirmed.
I concur in the majority's ruling that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding attorney fees in the amount of $125 an hour.
I dissent from the majority's ruling that the method used by the trial court in determining the attorney fees necessitated by plaintiff's rejection of the mediation evaluation was reasonable. I agree that, in actions involving multiple parties, a losing party should not be allowed to avoid mediation sanctions by asserting that the same expenses would have been incurred by the successful party in defending against the other opposing parties. However, I believe the trial court must consider each party individually and attempt an equitable allocation of the costs and attorney fees. The trial court in this case simply looked at the number of witnesses who testified at trial and, upon finding that plaintiff did not question six of the twenty-five witnesses, determined that plaintiff was accountable for seventy-six percent of the defendants' attorney fees and costs. Assuming that the nineteen remaining witnesses were necessary or important both to plaintiff's case and to Auto Owner's case, I do not believe it is reasonable or equitable to hold plaintiff accountable for one hundred percent of the attorney fees and costs attributable to those witnesses. I recognize that the allocation of attorney fees and costs is not an exact science. However, some attempt should be made to determine which of the costs and fees claimed by the defendants were attributable to plaintiff. I would remand for an evidentiary hearing and redetermination of attorney fees and costs.