Opinion
January 14, 1988
Appeal from the Supreme Court, New York County (Irma Santaella, J.).
Petitioner-appellant Lorraine Schneidman is the widow of Seymour Schneidman, who was founder of the accounting firm Seymour Schneidman and Associates (SSA) and partner of that firm until his death in 1985. By demand for arbitration dated September 30, 1985, SSA commenced an arbitration proceeding, naming respondent-respondent Harvey Martin, a former partner of the firm, and another former partner of the firm as respondents. Martin added Seymour Schneidman's widow to the proceeding by demand for arbitration dated March 21, 1986. The demands for arbitration were made pursuant to the partnership agreement, as amended, which provided for arbitration of any disputes relating to that agreement. Seymour Schneidman was a party to this agreement. The subject of the dispute centers on Martin's claim that particular provisions of the partnership agreement entitle him to a portion of the income payments being made to Lorraine Schneidman, as the widow of Seymour Schneidman, pursuant to certain newspaper management contracts.
Lorraine Schneidman was never a party or signatory to the SSA partnership agreement which contains the arbitration clause and she therefore sought an order in the Supreme Court staying arbitration. The court, concluding that petitioner was a "contemplated beneficiary" of an agreement subject to arbitration, ruled that she was therefore bound by the arbitration clause and thus denied the petition to stay arbitration.
Arbitration is a creature of contract and only parties who have expressly agreed to an arbitration agreement can be compelled to arbitrate a dispute. (Matter of Waldron [Goddess], 61 N.Y.2d 181, 183; Matter of Astoria Med. Group [Health Ins. Plan], 11 N.Y.2d 128, 132-133.) There is no dispute that Lorraine Schneidman never entered into an agreement to arbitrate and, in fact, never had any relationship with the SSA partnership. Neither had she obtained any rights to her late husband's partnership interest. (Cf., Menaker v Padover, 75 A.D.2d 807, 807-808, lv denied 50 N.Y.2d 926.) Additionally, she was not even an executor of her late husband's estate, as was the case in Matter of Rodgers v Logan ( 121 A.D.2d 250, 254). Even assuming Lorraine Schneidman is a "contemplated beneficiary" of the agreement, there is no basis in the law to conclude that a "contemplated beneficiary" of a contract can be bound to that contract's arbitration clause. There being no basis in law for compelling petitioner to arbitrate, her petition to stay arbitration as to her is granted.
Concur — Sandler, J.P., Carro, Asch and Smith, JJ.