Opinion
S.F. No. 3267.
September 25, 1903.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of the City and County of San Francisco appointing a guardian of an alleged incompetent person. James M. Troutt, Judge.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Alfred Fuhrman, for Appellant.
Section 1767 of the Code of Civil Procedure, defining an incompetent person, is unconstitutional, as being an effort of the legislature to exercise judicial functions. (Cooley on Constitutional Law, 6th ed., p. 113; City of Oakland v. Oakland Water-Front Co., 118 Cal. 160; Governor v. Porter, 5 Humph. 165; Lincoln Building etc. Assn. v. Graham, 7 Neb. 173; Planters' Bank v. Black, 11 Smedes M. 43; Files v. Fuller, 44 Ark. 273; Gough v. Pratt, 9 Md. 526; Salters v. Tobias, 3 Paige, 338.) Section 1763 of the Code of Civil Procedure contemplates insanity or mental incompetency. (Brown's Estate, 45 Mich. 326; North v. Joslin, 59 Mich. 624, 646; Storick's Guardianship, 64 Mich. 685; Partello v. Holton, 79 Mich. 372; In re Vananken, 10 N.J. Eq. 194; Earl v. Norfolk etc. Co., 36 N.J. Eq. 190; York's Estate, 185 Pa. St. 63; In re Nancy Tempest, 10 Ohio St. 501; Fairfield v. Gullifer, 49 Me. 360; Hovey v. Chase, 52 Me. 314; Wright v. Jackson, 59 Wis. 569.)
77 Am. Dec. 265.
83 Am. Dec. 514.
Sullivan Sullivan, and Myrick Deering, for Respondents.
The findings under sections 1763 and 1764 of the Code of Civil Procedure are sufficient to sustain the judgment, irrespective of section 1767 But section 1767 is not unconstitutional. The legislature may construe a statute. (Endlich on Interpretation of Statutes, sec. 365; Sutherland on Statutory Construction, sec. 402.)
This is a proceeding on petition of Margaret Halpin, instituted for the purpose of having a guardian appointed of the person and estate of Mary E. Daniels, alleged to be an incompetent person. The trial court found in favor of petitioner, and made an order appointing the Union Trust Company as such guardian. The contestant, Mrs. Daniels, appeals from the "minute-book order" appointing the guardian, and from "the judgment, or order, entitled `findings and conclusions of law,'" appointing such guardian; and also from an order denying her motion for a new trial. Respondent contends that the real judgment which was entered pursuant to the findings is not in the transcript, and that there is no appeal here to be considered except the one from the order denying the motion for a new trial; but as this matter is, under our views of the case, immaterial, we will assume that there is a proper appeal from the order, or judgment, appointing the guardian.
It is averred in the petition that "said Mary E. Daniels now is, and for more than one year last past has been, insane and mentally incompetent to manage her property and incapable of taking care of herself"; and it was found by the court that "on the date of filing said petition said Mary E. Daniels was, ever since has been, and for more than one year prior to the filing of said petition was mentally incompetent to manage her property, and incapable of taking care of herself or managing her property"; and that "said Mary E. Daniels is not, and at the time the petition was filed was not, and for more than one year before the date of filing said petition was not capable of managing her property or estate." The evidence as to these matters was no doubt somewhat conflicting, but it clearly supports the finding, and this being so, the judgment and order must be affirmed unless the court below committed some prejudicial error of law in arriving at its conclusion.
The main contention of counsel for appellant, in support of which there is much elaborate argument and copious citation of authorities, is, that section 1767 of the Code of Civil Procedure, enacted in 1891, is unconstitutional; but we are unable to see how this contention, if maintainable, could affect the case at bar or be ground for a reversal. The appointment of guardians "of insane and other incompetent persons" is provided for in the Code of Civil Procedure from section 1763 to 1767 inclusive. Section 1763 provides that when it appears from a verified petition of any relative or friend "that any person is insane, or from any cause mentally incompetent to manage his property," a notice must be given, etc.; and section 1764 provides that if, after a hearing, etc., it appears to the court, "that the person in question is incapable of taking care of himself and managing his property, such court must appoint a guardian," etc. Section 1767 is as follows: "Definition of incompetent. — The phrase `incompetent,' `mentally incompetent,' and `incapable,' as used in this chapter, should be construed to mean any person who, though not insane, is, by reason of old age, disease, weakness of mind, or from any other cause, unable, unassisted, to properly manage and take care of himself or his property, and by reason thereof would be likely to be deceived or imposed upon by artful or designing persons." And appellant contends that this section is unconstitutional for various reasons, and particularly because it is an attempt by the legislature to construe former statutes, and thus usurp judicial functions, it being solely the province of the judiciary to interpret statutes. But in the petition in the case at bar there is no reference to section 1767; and the findings of the court above referred to show a clear case within the preceding sections of the code above quoted. The fact that the court in a subsequent finding also found that the appellant has been, "by reason of weakness of mind, unable, unassisted, to properly manage and take care of herself or her property, and would be likely to be deceived and imposed upon by artful or designing persons," is immaterial, and does not affect the former finding. The judgment would still be right if it should be held that, as an abstract proposition, section 1767 is unconstitutional.
There are some exceptions to rulings of the court on admissibility of evidence; but they do not show any ground for reversal. The exceptions are very briefly referred to in the points and authorities, most of the references being to exceptions designated by numbers in the transcript, and they are difficult to follow. The main exceptions are to the rulings of the court sustaining objections to offered testimony of contestant's attending physicians, Ragan and Rottanzi, upon the ground of privileged communications, under subdivision 4 of section 1881 of the Code of Civil Procedure. But these rulings, even if conceded to be erroneous, were not prejudicial, because afterwards a written waiver and consent executed by contestant was filed, whereupon the court overruled the objections and the said physicians testified. A similar objection was made to the testimony of Dr. McCue, another attending physician; and the court ruled that his testimony should be confined to opinions founded upon communications had with the contestant in the presence of other persons; and the witness being asked, "What is your opinion regarding her mental condition?" and being instructed by the court as above stated, answered, "I consider her of sound mind, and have always considered her so ever since I have known her since the first day of June, 1901." Evidently, therefore, appellant was not prejudiced by the ruling. Moreover, the witness could have been recalled, if appellant thought it advisable, as the other physicians were, after the filing of the waiver and consent above noticed.
Appellant excepted to rulings of the court allowing respondent to ask questions of contestant's attending physicians, touching her ability, unassisted, to properly take care of herself and to take care of her property, the contention being that by these questions the judgment of the physician was substituted for the judgment of the court. But these questions were asked in cross-examination of contestant's witnesses who had testified as to her competency, and were within the legitimate bounds of proper cross-examination. Moreover, the answers were not prejudicial to appellant. We see no prejudicial error in the other rulings excepted to, and do not deem it necessary to notice them in detail.
The judgment and orders appealed from are affirmed.
Lorigan, J., and Henshaw, J., concurred.
Hearing in Bank denied.