Summary
In Matter of Coombs v. Edwards (280 N.Y. 361), in reversing an order of the Appellate Division (256 App. Div. 844), which in turn had reversed an order of Special Term denying mandamus, the Court of Appeals said (p. 364): "This is an application for an order to compel performance of an alleged duty. Obviously such order takes the place of the old writ of mandamus. It is employed only in cases where other remedies fail and the conditions surrounding its use are not found in the ordinary suit at law.
Summary of this case from Matter of Hassan v. Magistrates' CourtOpinion
Argued April 5, 1939
Decided May 23, 1939
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department.
Bernard H. Reich, Corporation Counsel, for appellants. Robert Emmet Connolley for respondent.
This is a proceeding by which one of a number of creditors, whose claims comprise a so-called floating indebtedness, seeks to obtain compulsory payment of his debt ahead of those holding similar claims.
The question presented for decision is whether a mandatory order may be denied on the ground that to grant the order would be preferring this creditor over other creditors of the same class, it not having been shown that there are sufficient funds available at this time, without crippling the city, to pay all the floating indebtedness.
Facts sufficient to show the question raised and the decision are briefly as follows: The petitioner sold building material to the city after 1932, when the city had a large floating debt incurred during the years 1925-1931, which it then appeared impossible for the city to liquidate except by proportionate payments of equal amounts over the course of approximately ten years. Since September, 1932, respondent has been receiving payments on account of the principal of his debt and interest at six per cent. In 1935 the county of Nassau sued the city of Long Beach for taxes collected and due, but not paid, to the county, and recovered a judgment for approximately $430,000. Thereafter this court, exercising discretion as to the manner in which the judgment should be paid, required only that ten per cent be included in each annual budget, beginning in 1936.
Of the petitioner-respondent a receiver was appointed by the Court of Chancery in the State of New Jersey in June, 1932. His duties have been completed except for the collection of this judgment, which was entered in December, 1937. He is anxious to expedite the collection of this debt so that the receivership may be sooner closed.
Since the beginning of this litigation the city has omitted to make the pari passu payments upon this claim.
This is an application for an order to compel performance of an alleged duty. Obviously such order takes the place of the old writ of mandamus. It is employed only in cases where other remedies fail and the conditions surrounding its use are not found in the ordinary suit at law. The burden is thrown on the applicant for the order to demonstrate the necessity and the propriety of its use. Even then the court may consider by way of defense the hardship and injustice to the defendant, the conduct of the applicant and the interest of third persons. Although the order is classed as a legal remedy, equitable principles largely control its issuance. ( Duncan Townsite Co. v. Lane, 245 U.S. 308.) While the applicant must present an issue for the enforcement of a clear legal right, yet even then the court may determine whether, in the exercise of a sound discretion, it shall grant or withhold the order. ( Matter of Durr v. Paragon Trading Corp., 270 N.Y. 464.) It may be added that such an order is primarily one resting in the sound discretion of the court, and only where the case presented shows no room for the exercise of a reasonable discretion may it be held, as a matter of law, that there has been an abuse of discretion. While not exclusive, certain recognized cases of inequities present defenses to the issuance of the order. The case at bar comes within such a defense. ( Matter of Warehousemen's Assn. v. Cosgrove, 241 N.Y. 580.)
The circumstances here presented to the court show a small city in financial difficulties and endeavoring to liquidate a large floating indebtedness by including such percentage for payment in its annual budget as will not impose too great hardship upon its taxpayers. The latter are already subject to a tax rate of between four dollars and four dollars and fifty cents per $100 of assessed valuation.
A refusal to issue a mandatory order, except to the extent of spreading a tax levy over several years, has been found a proper exercise of judicial discretion. ( County of Nassau v. City of Long Beach, 272 N.Y. 260; East St. Louis v. Amy, 120 U.S. 600, 604.) In the case at bar we not only have an unusual hardship upon the taxpayers unless the tax levy is spread over several years, but, in addition, to permit this petitioner to succeed would be to enforce a preference over other creditors having equal rights. The rights of this receiver are not greater than those of the insolvent corporation of which he is receiver. For both of the above reasons Special Term was justified in the exercise of a reasonable judicial discretion to deny the enforcement of its judgment by a peremptory order. Any other result would amount to a grave abuse of discretion. ( County of Nassau v. City of Long Beach, supra; East St. Louis v. Amy, supra.)
It follows that the order of the Appellate Division should be reversed and that of the Special Term affirmed, with costs in this court and in the Appellate Division.
CRANE, Ch. J., LEHMAN, O'BRIEN, HUBBS, LOUGHRAN and RIPPEY, JJ., concur.
Ordered accordingly.