Opinion
58 652902/13
01-28-2016
Nazneen MAMOON, also known as Nazneen Ahmed, Plaintiff–Respondent, v. DOT NET INC., et al., Defendants, Moss & Moss LLP, et al., Defendants–Appellants, Ket Equipment Finance Inc., et al., Defendants.
Moss & Moss LLP, New York (Donald C. Moss of counsel), for appellants. Sipsas, P.C., Astoria (Ioannis [John] P. Sipsas of counsel), for respondent.
Moss & Moss LLP, New York (Donald C. Moss of counsel), for appellants.
Sipsas, P.C., Astoria (Ioannis [John] P. Sipsas of counsel), for respondent.
Opinion
Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Manuel J. Mendez, J.), entered June 17, 2014, which denied the motion of defendants Moss & Moss LLP and John O.C. Moss, Esq. (the Moss defendants) to dismiss the claims against them pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(1) and (7), unanimously modified, on the law, to grant the motion as to the claims for fraud, breach of contract, conspiracy, conversion, unjust enrichment, and breach of fiduciary duty, and otherwise affirmed, without costs.
The Moss defendants' contention that the complaint was merely verified by plaintiff's attorney is a red herring, as the complaint was not required to be verified at all (see Weinstein–Korn–Miller, N.Y. Civ. Prac. ¶ 3020.09 2d ed. 2015; see also Patrick M. Connors, Practice Commentaries, McKinney's Cons. Laws of N.Y., Book 7B, CPLR 3020:3 and:5).
Although we do not condone the conduct of plaintiff's attorney, plaintiff should not be punished for her lawyer's faults to the extent of having her opposition to the Moss defendants' motion stricken as untimely.
“In assessing a motion under CPLR 3211(a)(7), ... a court may freely consider affidavits submitted by the plaintiff to remedy any defects in the complaint” (Leon v. Martinez, 84 N.Y.2d 83, 88, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511 1994 ). The affidavit that plaintiff submitted in opposition to the Moss defendants' motion to dismiss stated, in nonconclusory terms, that defendant John O.C. Moss, Esq. (Mr. Moss) told her that he and his firm (defendant Moss & Moss LLP) represented her in the sale of her shares of defendant Dot Net Inc. to defendant Kamal Uddin Mridha.
Mr. Moss submitted an affirmation, denying that the Moss defendants ever said they would act as plaintiff's attorney. However, an affidavit—let alone an affirmation—is not documentary evidence (see e.g. Flowers v. 73rd Townhouse LLC, 99 A.D.3d 431, 951 N.Y.S.2d 393 1st Dept.2012 ).
Since Mr. Moss is a defendant, he should have submitted an affidavit, not an affirmation (see CPLR 2106[a] ).
The fact that the Moss defendants represented Mridha does not preclude the possibility that they also represented plaintiff (see Talansky v. Schulman, 2 A.D.3d 355, 359, 770 N.Y.S.2d 48 1st Dept.2003; see also Leon, 84 N.Y.2d at 86–87, 90, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511).
The October 2011 letter that plaintiff sent the Moss defendants did not utterly refute her “factual allegations, conclusively establishing a defense as a matter of law” (Goshen v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. of N.Y., 98 N.Y.2d 314, 326, 746 N.Y.S.2d 858, 774 N.E.2d 1190 2002 ). First, the fact that there was a meeting in April 2011 does not preclude the possibility that there was another meeting in May 2011. Second, plaintiff may simply have misremembered the date; she said in her affidavit, “on or about May 1, 2011” (emphasis added). Her confusion is understandable because she executed documents on April 11, 2011 which became effective on May 1, 2011. Moreover, she stated that her understanding of English is limited.
“In order to state a cause of action for legal malpractice, the complaint must set forth three elements: the negligence of the attorney; that the negligence was the proximate cause of the loss sustained; and actual damages” (Leder v. Spiegel, 31 A.D.3d 266, 267, 819 N.Y.S.2d 26 1st Dept.2006, affd. 9 N.Y.3d 836, 840 N.Y.S.2d 888, 872 N.E.2d 1194 2007, cert. denied 552 U.S. 1257, 128 S.Ct. 1696, 170 L.Ed.2d 354 2008 ). If one considers the allegations in the claims for breach of fiduciary duty and negligence (as opposed to just the conclusory allegations in the malpractice claim), the complaint satisfies the requirements of Leder. Contrary to the Moss defendants' claim, the documentary evidence does not show that plaintiff was paid in full for her Dot Net shares and therefore sustained no damages.
Unless a plaintiff alleges that an attorney defendant “breached a promise to achieve a specific result” (Sage Realty Corp. v. Proskauer Rose, 251 A.D.2d 35, 39, 675 N.Y.S.2d 14 1st Dept.1998 ), a claim for breach of contract is “insufficient” (id.) and duplicative of the malpractice claim (id. at 38–39, 675 N.Y.S.2d 14). Plaintiff does not allege that the Moss defendants breached a promise to achieve a specific result. Hence, her contract claim should have been dismissed as against those defendants.
Plaintiff's claims for breach of fiduciary duty and fraud are also duplicative of her malpractice claim (see e.g. Weil, Gotshal & Manges, LLP v. Fashion Boutique of Short Hills, Inc., 10 A.D.3d 267, 271, 780 N.Y.S.2d 593 1st Dept.2004; Sage Realty, 251 A.D.2d at 39, 675 N.Y.S.2d 14).
“[C]ivil conspiracy is not recognized as an independent tort in this State” (Shared Communications Servs. of ESR, Inc. v. Goldman Sachs & Co., 23 A.D.3d 162, 163, 803 N.Y.S.2d 512 1st Dept.2005 ). Therefore, that claim should have been dismissed.
It is true that “in considering a motion to dismiss brought pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7), the court must presume the facts pleaded to be true and must accord them every favorable inference” (Leder, 31 A.D.3d at 267, 819 N.Y.S.2d 26). However, “factual allegations ... that consist of bare legal conclusions, or that are inherently incredible ..., are not entitled to such consideration (id.). Plaintiff makes only conclusory, incredible allegations that the Moss defendants converted her money and were unjustly enriched. Rather, the factual allegations of the complaint and the documentary evidence show that Mridha owed plaintiff $75,000 for her Dot Net shares and was unjustly enriched because he did not pay her for them.
We have considered the Moss defendants' remaining arguments and find them unavailing.