Summary
holding one half to three quarters inch height differential between sidewalk and steel grate that was visible to pedestrians non-actionable
Summary of this case from Scott v. U.S.Opinion
January 7, 1999.
Appeal from the Supreme Court (Ellison, J.).
On May 9, 1994, plaintiff fell and fractured her wrist while walking on a sidewalk in the City of Elmira, Chemung County. The theory underlying this negligence action is that plaintiff lost her balance due to an unspecified rift and a 1/2 to 3/4-inch height differential between the sidewalk and a steel grate embedded therein, allegedly constituting a dangerous condition. The steel grate, installed and maintained by defendant New York State Electric and Gas Corporation (hereinafter defendant), is one of several large grates positioned in a row in the sidewalk above defendant's underground transformer vault. Following joinder of issue, defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint against it. Supreme Court granted the motion. Plaintiff appeals and we affirm.
"Although the issue of whether a dangerous or defective condition exists `depends on the peculiar facts and circumstances of each case' and is generally a question of fact for the jury (Schechtman v. Lappin, 161 A.D.2d 118, 121 * * *), it has been recognized that `[t]he owner of a public passageway may not be cast in damages for negligent maintenance by reason of trivial defects on a walkway, not constituting a trap or nuisance, as a consequence of which a pedestrian might merely stumble, stub his toes, or trip over a raised projection' (Liebl v. Metropolitan Jockey Club, 10 A.D.2d 1006)" (Guerrieri v. Summa, 193 A.D.2d 647). Although no "`minimal dimension test'" exists to determine what constitutes a dangerous or defective condition (Trincere v. County of Suffolk, 90 N.Y.2d 976, 977), not every difference in elevation in a sidewalk presents a question of fact (see, Evans v. Pyramid Co., 184 A.D.2d 960). Instead, "all the facts and circumstances presented, including the dimension of the defect at issue", must be assessed to determine if a question of fact exists (Trincere v. County of Suffolk, supra, at 977).
In the instant case, based on our consideration of the entire record, including the parties' description of the claimed defect and the manner in which plaintiff came to fall, and our review of clear color photographs of the accident site, we conclude that, as a matter of law, the alleged defect was too trivial to be actionable (see, Trincere v. County of Suffolk, supra, at 977; Marinaccio v. LeChambord Rest., 246 A.D.2d 514, 515; Guerrieri v. Summa, supra). In our view, the minimal rift and height differential between the sidewalk and steel grate posed no unreasonable risk of harm and was in any event clearly visible to pedestrians, thereby possessing none of the characteristics of a trap or nuisance (cf., Durr v. New York Cent. H.R.R. Co., 184 N.Y. 320, 324). Accordingly, we conclude that Supreme Court did not err in its grant of summary judgment to defendant.
Mikoll, J.P., Crew III, Peters and Carpinello, JJ., concur.
Ordered that the order is affirmed, with costs.