Opinion
Docket No. 117390.
Decided February 3, 1992, at 9:00 A.M.
Rains, Block Ettlinger (by Roger J. Ettlinger), for the plaintiff.
Gofrank Kelman (by Thomas M. Douglas), for the defendant.
Before: REILLY, P.J., and GILLIS and MICHAEL J. KELLY, JJ.
Plaintiff appeals as of right from an order of the Washtenaw Circuit Court granting defendant's motion for partial summary disposition of this action, which was based on stipulated facts, MCR 2.116(A). We reverse.
On the morning of May 6, 1986, when plaintiff noticed that the oil light in his car was on, he drove to an auto supply store to purchase oil. The parking lot at the store had four rows of parking spaces, one abutting the store, two in the middle, and one abutting the street. When plaintiff drove into the parking lot, there were no other cars in the lot. He parked in a space in the middle row closest to the store. The yellow lines marking the parking space on each side of the car extended about one foot past the front bumper, which faced the traffic lane.
After plaintiff bought six quarts of oil, he returned to the parking lot and attempted to add oil to his car. As plaintiff leaned on the front bumper of the car to pour the oil into a funnel, a van driven by Michael Ekerly, who was insured by defendant, The Travelers Insurance Company, backed up from a space in the row in front of the store and pinned plaintiff between the rear bumper of the van and the front bumper of plaintiff's car. Plaintiff suffered serious injuries to his left leg.
The vehicle driven by plaintiff was not insured and neither plaintiff nor anyone in his family was covered by an automobile insurance policy on the date of the accident. Plaintiff, therefore, sought to recover first-party benefits from defendant, the insurer of the driver who struck him.
Defendant brought a motion for summary disposition claiming that, under § 3113(b) of the no-fault act, plaintiff was not entitled to benefits because he was an owner or registrant of an uninsured vehicle that was involved in the accident. MCL 500.3113(b); MSA 24.13113(b). The trial court agreed, finding that plaintiff was excluded from coverage under § 3113(b) because at the time of the accident plaintiff's uninsured vehicle was involved in the accident. The court found that plaintiff was "maintaining" his car and that the injury therefore resulted from the use of the uninsured vehicle as a motor vehicle. MCL 500.3105(1); MSA 24.13105(1). The court also found that plaintiff was not entitled to benefits under MCL 500.3106(1)(a); MSA 24.13106(1)(a) because his car was parked in such a way as to cause an unreasonable risk of bodily injury, and therefore his uninsured vehicle would be deemed to be "involved" in the accident.
The issue presented on appeal is whether plaintiff's uninsured automobile was "involved in the accident" so as to preclude his recovery of no-fault benefits under MCL 500.3113(b); MSA 24.13113(b), which provides:
A person is not entitled to be paid personal protection insurance benefits for accidental bodily injury if at the time of the accident any of the following circumstances existed:
The person was the owner or registrant of a motor vehicle or motorcycle involved in the accident with respect to which the security required by section 3101 or 3103 was not in effect.
A parked vehicle is not "involved in the accident" for purposes of § 3113(b) unless one of the statutory exceptions to the parked-vehicle provision, MCL 500.3106; MSA 24.13106, is applicable. Heard v State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co, 414 Mich. 139, 144; 324 N.W.2d 1 (1982); Childs v American Commercial Liability Ins Co, 177 Mich. App. 589, 592; 443 N.W.2d 173 (1989). The exceptions in § 3106 define when a parked vehicle is deemed to be in use as a motor vehicle. Heard, supra at 144. The only exception argued by the defendant is found in subsection 1(a), which provides:
The vehicle was parked in such a way as to cause unreasonable risk of the bodily injury which occurred.
We disagree with the assertion that because plaintiff was putting oil in his car at the time of the accident, his car was "involved in the accident" for the purposes of § 3113(b). We conclude that Heard is controlling in this case. In Heard, the plaintiff was injured when he was struck by an automobile while he was pumping gasoline into his uninsured vehicle. The plaintiff in Heard, like the plaintiff in the present case, was pinned between his vehicle and the vehicle that struck him. Heard, supra at 143. The Court concluded that at the time of the accident, the plaintiff's vehicle was not in use as a motor vehicle, but was like other stationary roadside objects that can be involved in motor vehicle accidents. Id. at 145; MCL 500.3106(1)(a); MSA 24.13106(1)(a).
The Court considered whether the decision in Miller v Auto-Owners Ins Co, 411 Mich. 633; 309 N.W.2d 544 (1981), required a different result. In Miller, the Court found that the plaintiff's injuries, which occurred while he was replacing his car's shock absorbers, involved the maintenance of his vehicle as a motor vehicle. The Court in Miller therefore concluded that the insured was entitled to compensation under § 3105 of the no-fault act, without regard to whether the vehicle was considered to be "parked" for the purposes of § 3106 at the time of the injury. Id. at 641.
The Heard Court distinguished Miller, noting:
Where no fault liability arises from maintenance, the injury results from use of the vehicle as a motor vehicle, as when a battery or fuel line explodes or, as in Miller, a vehicle falls upon and injures a person. Heard's injury did not arise from the maintenance or use of an uninsured vehicle as a motor vehicle, but from the operation and use of the vehicle insured by State Farm as a motor vehicle. The only vehicle being used as a motor vehicle at the time of the accident was the vehicle insured by State Farm. Heard's vehicle was a "tree or pole" for purposes of the act. [ 414 Mich. 154.]
On the basis of the reasoning in Heard, we conclude that the trial court erred in finding that plaintiff was precluded from recovering no-fault benefits because he was maintaining his car at the time of the accident. Plaintiff's injuries did not result from the maintenance or use of his vehicle as a motor vehicle, but resulted from the operation and use of the van which was insured by the defendant as a motor vehicle. Heard, supra at 154. Accordingly, the trial court erred in finding that plaintiff's vehicle was "involved in the accident."
We also conclude that the trial court erred in determining that plaintiff was not entitled to no-fault benefits because his vehicle was parked in such a way as to cause an unreasonable risk that he would be injured. Where the facts are not in dispute, it is the function of the trial court, as a matter of law, to determine whether the statutory exception provided by § 3106(1)(a) is applicable. Wills v State Farm Ins Co, 437 Mich. 205, 212; 468 N.W.2d 511 (1991).
According to the undisputed facts, at the time of the accident, plaintiff's vehicle was properly parked within a parking space in the parking lot of the auto-parts store. With a foot to spare, plaintiff's car was prudently parked outside the flow of traffic. See id. at 211. Compare Braun v Citizens Ins Co (On Remand), 124 Mich. App. 822, 823; 335 N.W.2d 701 (1983) (automobile parked partially in the traffic lane); Williams v Allstate Ins Co, 144 Mich. App. 178, 181; 375 N.W.2d 8 (1985) (disabled vehicle parked with at least two to three feet of the car protruding into the traveled portion of the highway); and Hackely v State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co, 147 Mich. App. 115, 118; 383 N.W.2d 108 (1985) (rear portion of parked vehicle partially blocked the right-hand lane of the road).
The question whether plaintiff acted reasonably in attempting to add oil to the car while it was parked in the parking lot is irrelevant to the determination of whether, at the time of the accident, the vehicle was in use as a motor vehicle or was like "other stationary roadside objects that can be involved in vehicle accidents." See Heard, supra at 145. Because plaintiff's car was properly parked within the parking space, we conclude as a matter of law that it was not parked in such a way as to cause unreasonable risk of bodily injury and, therefore, cannot be deemed to have been "involved in the accident" pursuant to MCL 500.3113(b); MSA 24.13113(b).
Reversed.