Summary
explaining that the appellant bears the burden of proving that the State "knowingly used perjured testimony" to secure a conviction
Summary of this case from Owens v. StateOpinion
No. 77, Initial Term, 1967.
Decided June 21, 1967.
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Illegal Arrest Alone Not Ground For Relief — Wong Sun Decision Not Applicable To State Prosecutions. An illegal arrest, standing alone, is not a ground for post conviction relief. p. 427
The decision in Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 83 Sup. Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441 (1963), insofar as it articulated rules invalidating confessions given following an illegal arrest, is not applicable to state prosecutions. p. 427
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Modified Contention As To Sufficiency Of Evidence Held Without Merit. There was no merit to applicant's modified contention that the evidence was so insufficient as to deprive him of his constitutional rights to a fair trial and to due process, where the Court was satisfied that applicant's case was not one in which a conviction was based upon no evidence at all. p. 427
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Transcripts Of Original Trial Need Not Be Furnished Petitioner. The Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act does not require that petitioner be furnished transcripts of the original trial. p. 428
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Applicant Has Burden Of Proving State Used Perjured Testimony. It is incumbent upon the applicant, not the State or the presiding judge, to prove that the State knowingly used perjured testimony in its efforts to convict the applicant. pp. 428, 429
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Adequacy Of Counsel — Failure To Advise Petitioner Of Right To Appeal Not Ground For Relief. Failure of trial counsel to advise a petitioner of his right to appeal is not equivalent to a denial of that right and is not a ground for post conviction relief. p. 428
Applicant's contention as to the inadequacy of his counsel in failing to attack the voluntariness of statements of others admitted into evidence against him was rejected, where it was found as a fact that the representation afforded applicant at his trial was not constitutionally deficient. pp. 428-429
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Abandonment Of Allegations. Applicant's allegations concerning collusion between the State and counsel for the defense could not be raised on his application for leave to appeal, where, other than applicant's bare statement that he did not withdraw the allegations, there was nothing in the record to controvert the conclusion of the lower court that applicant had withdrawn them. p. 429
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Delay In Being Brought Before Magistrate Not Ground For Relief — Illegal Detention Without Allegation Of Prejudice Held Insufficient. Matters relating to the lack of, or delay in, being presented to a magistrate are not grounds for post conviction relief. p. 429
An allegation of illegal detention without any specific allegation of resulting prejudice is insufficient to constitute a ground for post conviction relief. p. 429
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Disparity Between Petitioner's And Co-Defendants' Sentences Not Ground For Relief. Disparity between the sentence imposed upon petitioner and those imposed upon his co-defendants affords no ground for post conviction relief. p. 430
SENTENCE AND PUNISHMENT — Trial Court Not Bound By Agreements As To Imposition Of Lighter Penalties. The trial court is not bound by any deal between the State and an accused that concerns imposing lighter penalties. p. 430
ACCOMPLICES AND ACCESSORIES — Testimony Of Accomplices. The testimony of an accomplice or co-defendant is competent in the trial of the other co-defendant. p. 430
The weight of such testimony may be properly considered by the trier of facts. p. 430
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Sufficiency Of Evidence For Conviction Not Considered. Whether evidence introduced at petitioner's trial was legally sufficient to justify his conviction is not a proper question under the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act. p. 430
SENTENCE AND PUNISHMENT — Court Not Required To Impose Identical Sentences On Persons Jointly Convicted. There is no requirement in criminal procedure that the court impose identical sentences on persons jointly found guilty of a crime. p. 430
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Evidence — Contention As To Suppression Of Exculpatory Evidence Held Without Merit. There was no merit to petitioner's contention as to suppression of exculpatory evidence, where he merely repeated a naked allegation that the State suppressed evidence in his case. pp. 430-431
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Abandonment Of Allegations. Whether applicant's agreement to withdraw an allegation pending reversal of the non-retroactive doctrine of Schowgurow v. State, 240 Md. 121, 213 A.2d 475 (1965) was an express condition of his withdrawal was immaterial, for whatever benefits that might accrue from such a reversal would in any event be available to the applicant in accordance with the terms of the reversing decision. p. 431
POST CONVICTION PROCEDURE — Applicant Found To Have Received Fair And Adequate Hearing. In disposing of applicant's contentions concerning the conduct of his post conviction hearing and ensuing determinations, the Court found no reason to conclude that applicant was not given a fair and adequate hearing. p. 432
Decided June 21, 1967.
Application for leave to appeal from the Criminal Court of Baltimore (CARDIN, J.).
Frederick Edward Lyde instituted proceedings under the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act, and, from a denial of relief, he applied for leave to appeal.
Application denied.
Before ANDERSON, MORTON, ORTH, and THOMPSON, JJ.
This is an application for leave to appeal from a denial of post conviction relief.
The applicant was convicted of first degree murder by Judge Dulany Foster on February 3, 1961. A motion for new trial was filed on the same day. On February 5, 1962, the motion was withdrawn, the verdict of guilty of first degree murder was stricken out, a verdict of guilty of second degree murder was entered, and the applicant was sentenced to eighteen years in the Maryland Penitentiary. No direct appeal was taken. The instant petition for post conviction relief was filed on April 12, 1966, and a hearing was conducted before Judge Cardin on May 26, 1966. Judge Cardin's order denying relief was dated July 7, 1966.
The docket entry indicates the date as February 5, 1961, but the prior and subsequent entries indicate that the year should be 1962.
The application for leave to appeal contains twelve numbered paragraphs which parallel Judge Cardin's twelve-paragraph catalogue of the issues raised by the petition. (The original petition likewise consisted of twelve main divisions.)
The first two contentions were properly denied by Judge Cardin for the reason (a) that an illegal arrest, standing alone, is not ground for relief under the Act, and (b) that the case of Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, insofar as it articulated rules invalidating confessions given following an illegal arrest, is not applicable to state prosecutions. See Ross v. Warden, 1 Md. App. 46 and Crowe and Williston v. State, 240 Md. 144.
The third contention in the petition for post conviction relief concerned the sufficiency of the evidence upon which the applicant was convicted. This was denied because the sufficiency of the evidence is not reviewable under the Post Conviction Procedure Act. This contention was somewhat modified in the application for leave to appeal by adding that the evidence was so insufficient as to deprive the applicant of his constitutional rights to a fair trial and to due process of law. While the contention, as modified, could be denied on the ground that it was not first raised in the lower court, Vanfield v. Warden, 243 Md. 685, we are nevertheless satisfied that this is not a case where a conviction is based upon no evidence at all. Accordingly, there is no merit to this contention.
The fourth contention in the post conviction petition alleged that the State knowingly used perjured testimony. Judge Cardin held that the applicant failed to produce any evidence to support this claim. In the application for leave to appeal it is contended that the applicant should have been provided with a transcript to help prove the alleged perjury. The applicant also claims that the judge should have ordered the State to produce the two witnesses whom the applicant accused of perjury. The Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act does not require that transcripts of the original trial be furnished the petitioner. Williams v. Warden, 240 Md. 205. There is no showing here that the judge below abused his discretion by not ordering that a transcript be furnished the applicant. The second part of this contention is wholly without merit, as it is incumbent upon the applicant and not the State or the presiding judge to prove that the State knowingly used perjured testimony in its efforts to convict the applicant. See Baldwin v. Warden, 243 Md. 326; Husk v. Warden, 240 Md. 353 and Johns v. Warden, 240 Md. 209.
In his fifth contention, which alleges incompetency of counsel, the applicant claims that Judge Cardin erroneously stated in his order that he withdrew parts (a) and (b) thereof. These subsections respectively alleged that his motion for new trial was withdrawn without his knowledge or consent one year after he was convicted, and that his counsel did not consult with him before relinquishing his rights to a transcript and a motion for new trial. These contentions appear to have been withdrawn because they were repetitious, and we cannot conceive how the applicant is prejudiced by their withdrawal since the points raised in contentions 5(a) and 5(b) are adequately covered in 5(c) and 12.
Contention 5(c) is that counsel did not advise petitioner of his right to appeal, nor did counsel come to see petitioner after date of sentencing as he had assured petitioner he would. The first part of this contention is denied for the reason that failure of trial counsel to advise the petitioner of his right to appeal is not equivalent to a denial of that right, and is not a ground upon which relief can be granted under the Act. Shefton v. Warden, 239 Md. 702. The latter part of this contention is likewise without merit as a ground for post conviction relief. Contention 5(d), alleging that counsel failed to attack the voluntariness of the statements of others that were admitted into evidence against the petitioner, bears on the competency of counsel at the trial. Judge Cardin found as a fact that the representation afforded applicant at his trial was not constitutionally deficient, and we find no reason to differ from the conclusion reached by the post conviction hearing judge.
Judge Cardin's order states that the applicant withdrew the various allegations in contention six concerning collusion between the State and counsel for the defense. In his application for leave to appeal the prisoner denies that he relinquished these contentions. Other than applicant's bare statement that he did not withdraw these contentions, there is nothing before us to controvert the conclusion reached by Judge Cardin. See Szukiewicz v. Warden, 1 Md. App. 61. The withdrawn contention may not, therefore, now be raised on this application for leave to appeal.
In his seventh contention the applicant claims that he was denied due process of law because he was detained for four days before being brought before a magistrate. We agree with Judge Cardin that this contention must be denied because matters relating to the lack of, or delay in, being presented to a magistrate are not grounds for relief under the Act. See Tucker v. Warden, 243 Md. 331. In addition, the applicant has failed to state in what manner the alleged illegal detention has prejudiced him. The allegation of illegal detention without any specific allegation of resulting prejudice is insufficient to constitute a ground for post conviction relief. See Austin v. Director, 237 Md. 314.
Contention eight of the petition alleges that statements of convicts and alleged accomplices were illegally used to convict the petitioner and these statements were given by said parties for consideration and in return for light sentences. In his application for leave to appeal the applicant alleges that the State was in collusion with convicts and that to obtain their tainted perjury by promises of lesser terms in order to secure a conviction against the accused is to deny him equal protection of the law and due process of the law. As pointed out in our discussion of contention four, it is incumbent upon the petitioner to prove knowing use by the State of perjured testimony and this he has failed to do.
The other defendants in the case pleaded guilty and received fifteen years as opposed to the applicant's sentence of eighteen years, and as Judge Cardin pointed out in his order, fifteen years is by no means a light sentence. Although it is slightly less than the applicant's sentence, it is by no means a shocking disparity, and in any event disparity between sentence imposed on petitioner and that imposed on co-defendants affords no relief under the Act. Thornton v. Warden, 241 Md. 715.
"There is no requirement in criminal procedure that the court impose identical sentences upon persons jointly found guilty of a crime." Hardesty v. State, 223 Md. 559, 562 (1960).
Furthermore, if any "deal" was made the trial judge also would have to have been made a party to it, for the trial court is not bound by any deal between the State and an accused that concerns imposing lighter penalties. See Gleaton v. State, 235 Md. 271, 278.
If the allegation is also intended to include that it is "illegal" for the testimony of alleged accomplices to be admitted in evidence, it must also be rejected as the testimony of an accomplice or co-defendant is competent in the trial of the other codefendant. See Mazer v. State, 212 Md. 60, 67-68; Barber v. State, 191 Md. 555, 561. The weight of such testimony may, of course, be properly considered by the trier of facts. Mazer v. State, supra (witnesses who had pleaded guilty and whose sentences were sub curia at the time of trial). The testimony was properly admitted, and whether or not this evidence coupled with the other evidence introduced at the trial is legally sufficient to justify the applicant's conviction is not a proper question under the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act. Meadows v. Warden, 243 Md. 710; DeVaughn v. Warden, 241 Md. 411.
Applicant's ninth contention is that failure of the court to permit him to make a pre-sentence statement in mitigation of punishment constitutes a ground for relief under the Act. After hearing testimony from applicant's trial counsel, Judge Cardin found as a fact that counsel made such a statement on applicant's behalf to the court prior to sentencing and that applicant's contention was therefore groundless.
In his tenth contention, applicant states that the court suppressed evidence which would have tended to exculpate him. Judge Cardin held that the applicant offered no factual support and denied the contention on that ground. In his application for leave to appeal applicant does nothing more than repeat the naked allegation that the State suppressed evidence. While the suppression by the State of evidence exculpatory to an accused is a violation of due process and a ground for post conviction relief, Ross v. Warden, supra, we find no merit to applicant's contention in this instance.
The applicant's eleventh contention is based on Schowgurow v. State, 240 Md. 121. Judge Cardin stated in his order that the applicant agreed to withdraw this contention when he was informed by his counsel of recent decisions of the Court of Appeals holding that Schowgurow is not to be applied retroactively. In his application for leave to appeal the applicant states that he agreed to withdraw this contention pending reversal of the non-retroactive doctrine of Schowgurow by a federal court whose decisions are binding upon the courts of this State. Whether or not this was an express condition of the withdrawal is immaterial, for whatever benefits that might accrue from such a decision would in any event be available to the applicant in accordance with the terms of the decision.
Applicant's twelfth contention is that his motion for a new trial was withdrawn without his consent or knowledge. At the hearing, applicant's counsel testified that he did advise applicant of his rights and Judge Cardin accordingly so noted in his opinion denying relief as to this contention. We concur in this disposition of applicant's twelfth contention.
At the end of his fourth contention the applicant alleged that the following six points of error occurred at his post conviction hearing:
"(1) The merits of the factual dispute were not resolved in the State hearing;
(2) The factual determination is not fairly supported by the record as a whole;
(3) The fact-finding procedure employed by the State court was not adequate to afford a full and fair hearing;
(4) There was a substantial allegation of insufficient evidence to convict that was not resolved;
(5) The material facts were not adequately developed at the State court hearing;
(6) The State trier of fact did not afford the petitioner a full and fair fact hearing. See Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293, 313 (1963)."
Point four has already been treated in our discussion of contention three. The other five contentions concern the conduct of the post conviction hearing and the ensuing determinations. We deny each of these five remaining contentions and find no reason to conclude that the applicant was not given a fair and adequate hearing.
The application for leave to appeal is denied.
Application denied.