Summary
In Kittrell v. Alabama Power Co., 258 Ala. 381, 63 So.2d 363, plaintiff slipped and fell while on the premises of the defendant.
Summary of this case from S. H. Kress Company v. ThompsonOpinion
4 Div. 697.
February 26, 1953.
Appeal from the Circuit Court, Russell County, Julius B. Hicks, J.
Albert L. Patterson, Phenix City, for appellant.
Customer in store or place of business is invitee and storekeeper or person operating such business and serving customers owes duty to customer to exercise reasonable care to keep premises in reasonably safe condition. Ten Ball Novelty Mfg. Co. v. Allen, 255 Ala. 418, 51 So.2d 690; Standard Oil Co. v. Gentry, 241 Ala. 62, 1 So.2d 29; Woolworth Co. v. Ney, 239 Ala. 233, 194 So. 667. Plaintiff is entitled to recover even though she knew the floor was new and slick, if she exercised reasonable care in using the premises. Ten Ball Novelty Mfg. Co. v. Allen, supra. The customer is not charged with the duty of looking for hazards. Carl's Markets v. DeFeo, Fla., 55 So.2d 182; Wells v. Palm Beach Kennel Club, 160 Fla. 502, 35 So.2d 720. If there is evidence which points to any one causation indicating a logical sequence of cause and effect, there is a judicial basis for such a determination, notwithstanding other plausible theories with or without support in the evidence. Ten Ball Novelty Mfg. Co. v. Allen, supra; Griffin Lbr. Co. v. Harper, 247 Ala. 616, 25 So.2d 505; Ingram v. Harris, 244 Ala. 246, 13 So.2d 48. Where there is evidence tending to support a complaint the affirmative charge for defendant is improper. Byars v. Alabama Power Co., 233 Ala. 533, 172 So. 621; Woolworth Co. v. Ney, supra; Ingram v. Harris, supra.
Smith Smith, Phenix City, and Martin, Turner, Blakey, Bouldin and Alvin W. Vogtle, Jr., Birmingham, for appellee.
The duty of a storekeeper is to use ordinary or reasonable care to keep his premises in a reasonably safe condition; he is not an insurer of the safety of his guests or invitees, and res ipsa loquitur does not apply. Rowe v. Alabama Power Co., 232 Ala. 257, 167 So. 324; Woolworth Co. v. Ney, 239 Ala. 233, 194 So. 667. Where there is no evidence that storekeeper discovered foreign matter on floor of his store, or was negligent in not making such discovery, or placed such foreign matter on floor, storekeeper, in action by one injured by fall on floor, is entitled to affirmative charge. Woolworth Co. v. Ney, supra; Britling Cafeteria Co. v. Naylor, 254 Ala. 84, 47 So.2d 187.
Mrs. Willie Mae Kittrell brought this suit against Alabama Power Company to recover damages for personal injuries which she alleged she sustained as a result of a fall which occurred when she was in defendant's place of business in Phenix City, where she had gone to pay a bill.
The suit is based on the alleged negligence of the defendant in its failure to provide plaintiff with a reasonably safe place to walk in its place of business. The defendant pleaded the general issue in short by consent in the usual form. No witnesses were called by defendant. Upon the completion of plaintiff's evidence, the trial court gave at the request of defendant the general affirmative charge with hypothesis. There was verdict for defendant; judgment was in accord with the verdict. A motion to set aside the verdict and judgment and grant to plaintiff a new trial was overruled. Thereupon plaintiff appealed to this court.
Regardless of what the rule may be elsewhere, the applicable legal principles have been settled in this state.
The duty of defendant was to use ordinary or reasonable care to keep its premises in a reasonably safe condition. It was not an insurer of the safety of its guests or invitees. The principle of res ipsa loquitur does not apply. F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Ney, 239 Ala. 233, 194 So. 667; Ten Ball Novelty Mfg. Co. v. Allen, 255 Ala. 418, 51 So.2d 690; Britling Cafeteria Co. v. Naylor, 254 Ala. 84, 47 So.2d 187, and cases cited.
Defendant is required to exercise reasonable care before its invitee comes to his premises to have the premises reasonably free from danger to the invitee when he arrives and to so keep the premises while the invitee is on the premises where he may be expected or was invited to go. Britling Cafeteria Co. v. Naylor, supra.
The claim here is that there was neglect of duty on the part of defendant in that the floor of its premises was "awfully slick" and in failing to keep the floor free from dangerous substances. Such negligence would be either in causing such conditions or, after discovering them, in not exercising due care to remove them or in not exercising due care to discover such conditions before the accident. Britling Cafeteria Co. v. Naylor, supra.
The only evidence which tends to show the cause of plaintiff's fall is her own testimony. She testified that the floor was "awfully slick" in response to a leading question. The building was new and had been occupied by defendant only a short period of time. The floor was tile with no covering. As to the claimed dangerous substance on the floor, the plaintiff's testimony does no more than show that on the floor at the place where she fell were "pecan hulls" or sand or gravel or dirt.
There is no evidence to show that an employee of defendant knew the floor was slick or had placed any substance on it which might tend to create that condition, or that any situation had arisen which had come to the attention of an employee which would cause a reasonable person in the exercise of due care to investigate as to the condition of the surface of the floor.
Likewise there is no evidence that an employee of defendant caused the foreign substance to be on the floor at the place where plaintiff fell. There is no evidence that any employee of defendant discovered any such substance on the floor before the accident or was negligent in not doing so. There is no fact or circumstance to show that there was a failure of duty by an employee as to how or when such substance came to be in that place, or in not looking for and removing it.
The present case is clearly distinguishable on the facts from the recent decision by this court in Ten Ball Novelty Mfg. Co. v. Allen, supra, and from Standard Oil Co. v. Gentry, 241 Ala. 62, 1 So.2d 29, and F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Erickson, 221 Ala. 5, 127 So. 534.
The holding in Britling Cafeteria Co. v. Naylor, supra, has full application here. See Cox v. Goldstein, 255 Ala. 664, 53 So.2d 354.
The trial court correctly gave the affirmative charge for defendant.
This conclusion renders it unnecessary to consider the other assignments of error. Rowe v. Alabama Power Co., 232 Ala. 257, 167 So. 324.
Affirmed.
LIVINGSTON, C. J., and STAKELY and MERRILL, JJ., concur.