Summary
stating that a litigant on appeal, in order to be an aggrieved party under MCR 7.203 and have standing to appeal, "must demonstrate that he or she is affected by the decision of the trial court"
Summary of this case from In re TimonOpinion
Docket No. 291608.
Submitted July 14, 2010, at Lansing.
Decided September 16, 2010, at 9:05 a.m.
Appeal from Kent Circuit Court, LC No. 08-010145-CK.
Christine Kieta in propria persona. Garan Lucow Miller, .PC. (by Megan K. Cavanagh and Michael P. McCasey), for Thomas M. Cooley Law School.
Before: FORT HOOD, P.J., and BORRELLO and STEPHENS, JJ.
Plaintiff appeals as of right the circuit court order granting defendant's motion for summary disposition. We dismiss the appeal as moot.
Plaintiff was a student at defendant law school when she failed to attend her intraschool moot court class and turn in an assignment worth 10 points. The following week, she reported that she had not turned in the assignment because she was not proud of it. When instructed to e-mail the assignment immediately after class so that it could be determined if points could be awarded, plaintiff admitted that she had been dishonest with her professor about the status of the assignment. The professor referred the matter to the assistant dean of students for review under the school's honor code. After attempts to resolve the matter informally failed because plaintiff refused to cooperate, formal proceedings for lying and for failing to cooperate (termed "toleration") in violation of the law school's honor code were commenced. Plaintiff filed a complaint seeking injunctive relief to prevent the hearing from occurring. The trial court denied the motion, but allowed plaintiff to amend her complaint to raise claims of breach of contract and arbitrary and capricious conduct. Despite the amended complaint, plaintiff continued to request injunctive relief to prevent damage to her reputation, her academic record, and her admission to the bar. Plaintiff did not identify monetary damages arising from any alleged breach of contract.
Plaintiffs brief on appeal does not comply with the requirements of MCR 7.212(C)(6) because it does not contain a statement of all the material facts, both favorable and unfavorable. In fact, it does not identify the underlying factual basis for the honor-code violations.
After the hearing was completed, the panel concluded that there was clear and convincing evidence to support the honor-code violation of lying, but did not find clear and convincing evidence to support the honor-code violation of toleration. With regard to the penalty for the violation, the panel concluded that three hours of counseling and instruction in civility, ethics, and stress management was appropriate. More importantly, the panel held that a summary of the decision would be placed in plaintiffs file, but expressly concluded that the nature and circumstances of the violation would not prevent plaintiffs admission to the bar.
After the panel rendered its decision, plaintiff attempted to pursue her lawsuit, but the trial court granted defendant's motion for summary disposition and denied plaintiffs motion for application of judicial estoppel. The trial court held that the honor code did not give rise to an enforceable contract and that the law school had not engaged in arbitrary and capricious conduct. After the trial court's decision, plaintiff graduated from defendant law school and was admitted to the Illinois bar. Nonetheless, plaintiff filed an appeal of the order granting defendant's motion for summary disposition.
In order to appeal, a party must be an aggrieved party. MCR 7.203(A). "It is a cardinal principle, which applies alike to every person desiring to appeal, that he must have an interest in the subject-matter of the litigation. Otherwise he can have no standing to appeal." Allen v Soule, 191 Mich 194, 197; 157 NW 383 (1916). On appeal, the litigant must demonstrate that he or she is affected by the decision of the trial court. George Realty Co v Paragon Refining Co of Mich, 282 Mich 297, 300; 276 NW 455 (1937); see also Ford Motor Co v Jackson (On Rehearing), 399 Mich 213, 226 n 9; 249 NW2d 29 (1976) (stating that a party is entitled to appeal when it is interested in the subject matter of the controversy and is injuriously affected or aggrieved by the lower court's judgment or order) (citation omitted). An issue becomes moot when a subsequent event renders it impossible for the appellate court to fashion a remedy. In re Contempt of Dudzinski, 257 Mich App 96, 112; 667 NW2d 68 (2003).
The summary of the facts of this case demonstrates that we cannot provide a remedy from the trial court's decision. Defendant sought to investigate an incident between plaintiff, who was a student, and a professor wherein the professor accused plaintiff of lying in violation of the student honor code. Defendant sought to informally resolve the matter, but plaintiff refused to cooperate. Consequently, defendant commenced formal proceedings against plaintiff. Plaintiff was found to have violated the honor code and ordered to complete three hours of counseling. After the hearing was held and the sanction was imposed, plaintiff pursued her claims of breach of contract and arbitrary and capricious conduct. However, plaintiff has since graduated from defendant law school. In light of plaintiffs graduation, we cannot fashion a remedy, and her appeal is moot. Id.
At oral argument, plaintiff refused to answer questions regarding the underlying incident. Moreover, plaintiff alleged that she had incurred damages, but could not identify harm flowing from any alleged breach of contract or to her reputation. See Alan Custom Homes, Inc v Krol, 256 Mich App 505, 512; 667 NW2d 379 (2003). Indeed, but for the filing of this appeal, the underlying incident would have merely remained part of the plaintiffs law school file.
For purposes of completeness, we note that the student honor code did not create a contract, See Cuddihy v Wayne State Univ Bd of Governors, 163 Mich App 153, 156-158; 413 NW2d 692 (1987), and plaintiff failed to establish a genuine issue of material fact regarding the alleged arbitrary and capricious conduct, seeQuinto v Cross Peters Co, 451 Mich 358, 362; 547 NW2d 314 (1996).
Dismissed as moot. Defendant, as the prevailing party, may tax costs. MCR 7.219.