Summary
In Kelley v. N.Y. State Railways (207 N.Y. 342, 345) the plaintiff, who was injured in collision with a car of the defendant, was violating a statute.
Summary of this case from Amberg v. KinleyOpinion
Argued January 22, 1913
Decided February 11, 1913
W.A. Matson for appellant.
F.P. Miller and W.B. Matterson for respondent.
The plaintiff in this action has recovered judgment against the defendant for personal injuries sustained, as it is alleged and found, through the defendant's negligence.
The plaintiff when injured was running a steam roller on the highway. The place was not within the limits of an incorporated village or city. The time was a little after sunset or night time, as defined by the Statutory Construction Law. The plaintiff was on the south side of the highway going west. He saw one of the defendant's cars approaching from the west, about half a mile distant. He attempted to run the roller across the tracks to the north side of the highway, for the reason, as he says, that there was more room on that side to pass the car. The left hind wheel of the roller stuck on the farther rail of the track and a collision occurred. The car, running at a high rate of speed, struck the roller, causing the injuries to the plaintiff for which recovery has been had. The car carried thirty-five passengers, but no injury resulted to them or to any person on the car.
The only question to be considered is the application to the case of certain sections of the Highway Law and of the Penal Law, which the plaintiff failed to observe.
Section 329 of the Highway Law (Cons. Laws, ch. 25) reads as follows: "The owner of a steam roller, steam traction engine or any other machinery, either propelled or driven by steam, his servant or agent shall not allow, permit or use the same, to pass over, through or upon any public highway or street except upon railroad tracks, unless such owner or his agents or servants shall send before the same a person of mature age, at least one-eighth of a mile in advance, who shall notify and warn persons traveling and using such highway or street with horses or other domestic animals, of the approach thereof, and at night such person shall carry a red light, except in incorporated villages and cities."
The court charged the jury that the statute did not seem to have any application, and "for that reason it does not enter into your consideration of this case." To this part of the charge the defendant excepted.
Section 1425 of the Penal Law (Cons. Laws, ch. 40), subdivision 11, reads substantially as follows: "A person who willfully: * * * Drives * * * a vehicle or engine propelled by steam, except upon a railroad, along a public highway, or causes or directs such * * * vehicle or engine to be so driven * * * unless a person of mature age shall precede such * * * vehicle or engine by at least one-eighth of a mile, carrying a red light, if in the night time, and gives warning to all persons whom he meets traveling such highway, of the approach of such * * * vehicle or engine * * * shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor."
The counsel for the defendant requested the court to charge the jury that this subdivision of the Penal Law "is general in its terms and does not speak of horses or domestic animals and applies to this case." The court declined to charge as requested to which ruling the defendant excepted.
While the statutory provisions were intended primarily for the protection of the particular class of persons mentioned therein, that is, all persons traveling on the highway who might be overtaken or met by the steam roller, yet they have a broader application. It is not the traveler who was injured and who is complaining here. It is the person who operated the steam roller, but the effect of the judgment in this action has been to saddle his loss and damage upon the motorman and the defendant, the motorman's master.
It may be that the collision would have been avoided if a person carrying a red light had preceded the steam roller one-eighth of a mile and had given warning to the motorman on the car. That is to say, the accident might have been avoided if the law had been observed. The defendant may have been negligent in running its car at a high rate of speed when the collision occurred, but the plaintiff was violating the Penal Law when he was injured in the collision. That fact was a proper subject of consideration.
The statute, of course, affords persons belonging to the class which it expressly mentions greater protection than to those outside that class, but it is some evidence in favor of the latter. It is evidence for the jury to consider on the question of negligence with all the other evidence in the case. The court, therefore, erred in taking the statute from the consideration of the jury.
The United States Supreme Court in the case of Union Pacific Railway Co. v. McDonald ( 152 U.S. 262), held that a statute analogous to the Highway Law applied under circumstances somewhat similar to the facts shown in this action.
The judgment should be reversed, with costs, and a new trial ordered.
CULLEN, Ch. J., GRAY, WERNER, HISCOCK, COLLIN and MILLER, JJ., concur.
Judgment reversed, etc.