From Casetext: Smarter Legal Research

Justus v. Bowers

Supreme Court of Ohio
Mar 19, 1958
148 N.E.2d 917 (Ohio 1958)

Opinion

No. 35376

Decided March 19, 1958.

Taxation — Intangibles — Shares of stock in corporation — Not taxable as investment in profit-sharing venture, when — An interest in real property, when.

APPEAL from the Board of Tax Appeals.

The Carriage House Apartments, Inc., a corporation, was formed for the sole purpose of taking title to and operating a co-operative apartment building for residence purposes, with no intention that the corporation should expand or own any other property. Shortly after the incorporation, the owners of a tract of land on which was located a building containing four residence-apartment units of various sizes transferred full title to such property to the corporation. The land and building were entered on the corporate books for $160,000. This real estate comprises the sole asset of the corporation, and its value is now the same as it was at the time of purchase, considering normal depreciation. No improvements have been made thereon.

The corporation issued 160 shares of stock, divided into four blocks consisting of 50, 45, 40, and 25 shares, respectively. Each block of stock was designated as entitling the purchaser thereof to occupy one of the four apartments, the particular one to be occupied depending on the size of the block of stock purchased. The purchasers paid $1,000 per share for their stock. The four shareholder-tenants are directors of the corporation.

The corporation, under its agreement, issued to each of the four shareholders a 50-year lease of the respective portion of the property represented by the block each had purchased. The purchase of the stock entitles each shareholder to occupy his portion of the property as permanent living quarters. No shareholder is permitted to sell a part of the shares he owns. The entire block must be transferred as a unit. A block of shares of stock cannot be transferred separate from the proprietary lease, nor can the lease be transferred without the assignment of the block of shares of stock. Both must be transferred as an individual unit to the same person. A transfer of a block of stock to anyone other than the spouse or family of the shareholder requires the written consent of a majority of the board of directors. If a shareholder transfers his block of stock, he loses his right to occupy an apartment in the building.

It was never intended that the shares of stock would ever pay dividends and they never have. The corporation was intended to be the medium of holding title and is the medium through which taxes and utility bills are paid, repairs made and management effected. The funds necessary to maintain and operate the building and grounds are obtained by quarterly assessments levied against the four shareholders. Each assessment is apportioned among the four shareholders in the ratio that the number of shares each shareholder holds bears to the total shares outstanding. In case of total loss of the building and the shareholders do not wish to rebuild, the insurance proceeds will be distributed pro rata to the shareholders.

The Tax Commissioner assessed the stock of the corporation as a nonproductive investment with a true value in money of $1,000 per share.

The Board of Tax Appeals found the interests of the shareholders to be ones in real property, not subject to intangible personal property tax, and reversed the order of the Tax Commissioner.

An appeal from the decision of the Board of Tax Appeals brings the cause to this court for review.

Mr. John R. Evans, for appellees.

Mr. William Saxbe, attorney general, and Mr. Gerald A. Donahue, for appellant.


The question presented is whether the shares of stock of Carriage House Apartments, Inc., are investments within the meaning of Section 5701.06, Revised Code, defining investments for the purpose of taxation.

It is clear from the record that what each of these shareholders bought was an interest in real estate, an apartment building, for the sole purpose of occupying a portion of the same as a home. There is nothing to show any intent, plan, or scheme on the part of the shareholders to invest in a profitsharing venture. The corporation was formed as a medium for holding title to the premises as a whole and for the management thereof. These four blocks of stock are merely evidences of the owners' interests in the realty. The shareholders' investments are investments in real property, not taxable items of intangible personal property. State v. Silberberg, 166 Ohio St. 101, 139 N.E.2d 342.

The decision of the Board of Tax Appeals is affirmed.

Decision affirmed.

WEYGANDT, C.J., ZIMMERMAN, STEWART and MATTHIAS, JJ., concur.

TAFT, BELL and HERBERT, JJ., concur in the judgment.


Although I concur in the judgment, I cannot agree that shares of stock in the Carriage House Apartments, Inc., a corporation, are not "investments" within the meaning of Section 5701.06, Revised Code, which reads so far as pertinent:

"* * * `investments' includes:

"(A) Shares of stocks in corporations * * * under whatever laws organized or existing, excepting: * * * [admittedly none of the "excepting" provisions describe a corporation or shares such as involved in the instant case]

"* * *

"(C) * * * all contractual and other incorporeal rights * * * excepting:

"(1) Interests in land * * *."

Shares of stock in this corporation are not "merely evidences of the owners' interests in the realty." They are "shares of stock" in a corporation and clearly described by the words of Section 5701.06, Revised Code. After the sale by this corporation of all its shares, the shareholders, not as shareholders but as holders of leases from the corporation, will have leasehold interests in the $160,000 of real estate for 50 years rent free. However, the corporation will still own the reversions after the 50-year terms of those leases. The value of those reversions will obviously increase with the passing of the years as the terms of those leases diminish; and there is no way that any shareholder can assert any ownership with respect to such reversionary interests of the corporation in such real estate except as a shareholder of and through the corporation. Certainly, no shareholder can ask for a partition of this real estate before securing a transfer from the corporation of its reversionary interests therein. It is apparent therefore that a shareholder of this corporation as such has no interest in real estate. He has an interest in real estate only by reason of his lease from the corporation.

State v. Silberberg, 166 Ohio St. 101, 139 N.E.2d 342, involved a question whether what was there purchased was described by the term "security" as defined in another statute which specifically said that its "provisions * * * shall not apply * * * to the sale of real estate." Under the contract there purchased, a buyer was entitled to a deed for his fractional part of the real estate upon payment of the purchase price so that that contract did in effect represent a contract for the sale of real estate, and the act was therefore by its words not applicable.

Under its agreement for the sale of a block of shares of its stock, this corporation also executes and delivers to the purchaser a 50-year lease of the apartment that he, as a holder of his block of shares, is to be entitled to occupy. This lease does not provide for the payment of any rental. Hence, it is apparent that the purchaser of a block of say 25 shares for $25,000 acquires at least two items of property, i.e., 25 shares of stock and a leasehold interest entitling him to occupy rent free for 50 years 25/160 of $160,000 worth of real estate; and that any, if not all, of the "true value in money" of what he owns by reason of his purchase will, at least at a time when all the leasehold interests have almost 50 years to run, be in his leasehold interest rather than in his shares of stock. In view of the provisions of paragraph (C) of Section 5701.06, Revised Code, quoted above, it is apparent that such a leasehold interest is not described by the term "investments" as defined by that statute.

There is nothing in this record which will justify a reasonable finding that the shares of this corporation had more than a nominal value. Hence, and for that reason only, the decision of the Board of Tax Appeals should be affirmed.

BELL and HERBERT, JJ., concur in the foregoing concurring opinion.


Summaries of

Justus v. Bowers

Supreme Court of Ohio
Mar 19, 1958
148 N.E.2d 917 (Ohio 1958)
Case details for

Justus v. Bowers

Case Details

Full title:JUSTUS ET AL., APPELLEES v. BOWERS, TAX COMMR., APPELLANT

Court:Supreme Court of Ohio

Date published: Mar 19, 1958

Citations

148 N.E.2d 917 (Ohio 1958)
148 N.E.2d 917