Opinion
No. 85-229
Opinion delivered February 3, 1986
1. BAIL — BAIL BOND — SURETY MAY SURRENDER DEFENDANT WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE. — The surety on a bail bond may, at his discretion, apprehend and surrender the defendant, either with or without cause. 2. BAIL — BAIL BOND — WHEN RETURN OF PREMIUM IS IMPLIED UPON SURRENDER OF DEFENDANT. — If the surrender of a defendant is without cause, the contract for bond implies that the bondsman must return the premium; however, if the surrender is with cause, there is no implied contract to return the fee. 3. BAIL — BAIL BOND — REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE DEFENDANT COMMITTED FELONY WHILE RELEASED ON BOND — SUFFICIENT CAUSE TO SURRENDER DEFENDANT. — When a bondsman has reasonable cause to believe that a defendant has committed a felony while released on bond, he has cause to surrender the defendant. 4. BAIL — BAIL BOND — ARREST OF DEFENDANT FOR COMMISSION OF FELONY — NO IMPLIED CONTRACT TO RETURN PREMIUM WHEN DEFENDANT IS SURRENDERED. — Where, as here, the defendant was arrested for committing a felony while released on bond, it is not necessary, as a matter of implied contract, for the premium to be returned when the defendant is surrendered. 5. BAIL — BAIL BOND — SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE TO SHOW LIABILITY FOR PREMIUM. — There was substantial evidence from which the trial court could find that the appellant was liable for the premium on the bail bond when the bondsman surrendered him when he was arrested and charged with another felony while released on bond, where the application for bond which the appellant executed provided that he agreed that he would not commit any further offenses that would subject him to any subsequent arrest by any authority and that he understood and agreed that failure to comply with any of the conditions contained therein would be cause for his immediate surrender without any liability for the return of any premium, and where the bondsman testified that appellant knew that if he violated the law the bond would be revoked. 6. APPEAL ERROR — ISSUES NOT PROPERLY PLEADED OR FULLY CONSIDERED IN TRIAL COURT WILL NOT BE DECIDED ON APPEAL. — The Supreme Court will not decide an issue if there were no written pleadings before the trial court, neither the opposing side nor the court was in any manner apprised of an issue, the point was only superficially mentioned at the hearing, and the counsel raising the issue then assents to the ruling.
Appeal from Union Circuit Court, First Division; John M. Graves, Judge; affirmed.
Guthrie, Burbank, Dodson McDonald, by: David E. Guthrie, for appellant.
Bill J. Davis, for appellee.
On July 18, 1984, appellant, Bobby Joe Johnson, was charged with a felony. His bond was set at $100,000.00. Appellant contacted a local commercial bondsman, but he was unable to write a bond in excess of $25,000.00. The commercial bondsman referred appellant to the appellee, Robert Hicks, who agreed to post the bond for a fee of $6,800.00. Appellant paid the fee, and appellee posted the bond.
Subsequently, on September 17, 1984, appellant, a felon, was arrested on the felony charge of being in possession of a weapon, a .357 magnum pistol, and for driving while intoxicated. While appellant was incarcerated on the new charges, appellee surrendered him on the original bond and asked to be exonerated and discharged from the bond.
Appellant made a motion in the criminal case for a refund of the $6,800.00 premium. The motion was apparently oral as the only pleading contained in the record is the information. The trial court denied relief to appellant. We affirm.
Appellant first argues that our holding in Troutt v. Langston and Robinson, 283 Ark. 220, 675 S.W.2d 625 (1984) requires the refund of the entire premium, as a matter of law. The argument is based upon a misunderstanding of the case and, in effect, asks us to hold that the execution of a bail bond constitutes an implied contract that the bondsman will keep the defendant at liberty until his case is called for trial, and breach of that `implied contract entitles the defendant to a refund of the premium. We decline to so hold.
[1, 2] The surety on a bail bond may, at his discretion, apprehend and surrender the defendant. Ark. Stat. Ann. 43-716 (Repl. 1977). The surrender of the defendant may be either with or without cause. If the surrender is without cause, the contract for bond implies that the bondsman must return the premium. Troutt v. Langston and Robinson, supra. However, if the surrender is with cause, there is no implied contract to return the fee.
[3, 4] When a bondsman has reasonable cause to believe that a defendant has committed a felony while released on bond, he has cause to surrender the defendant. Cf A.R.Cr.P. Rule 9.6. (Rule 9.6 provides for revocation of release by a court under similar circumstances.) The defendant in this case, appellant, was arrested for committing a felony while released on bond. Therefore, it is not necessary, as a matter of implied contract, for the premium to be returned.
Appellant next argues that the bond contract in this case did not, in fact, provide that he would be liable for the premium if the bondsman surrendered him with cause. The argument is without merit. There was substantial evidence from which the trial court could find such liability on the part of appellant. The application for bail bond, which appellant executed, provides in part:
I further agree and understand that I will not leave the jurisdiction of the court without the permission of the bondsman; not commit any further offenses that will subject me to any subsequent arrest by any authority; nor fail to pay any premium due; and I will notify promptly my bondsman of any change of address and carefully comply with all specific instructions given me by the bondsman; FURTHER, I understand and agree that failure to comply with any of the herein contained conditions shall be cause for my immediate surrender without any liability for the return of any premium.
(Emphasis added.)
In addition, the bondsman testified that the appellant knew the amount of the premium and understood from their discussion that if appellant violated the law the bond would be revoked.
We do not decide the remaining point on appeal. The record reflects that no written pleading, other than the information charging the appellant, was filed. The record, which is composed of the criminal case file and the transcript of this hearing, does not contain any agreement between the attorneys and the trial court about the issues to be tried. The transcript contains the following caption: "Hearing on Motion for Return of Bond Premium before Honorable John M. Graves, Judge, October 4, 1984; Bobby Joe Johnson, plaintiff, and Robert Hicks, respondent." At the hearing, appellant testified that he paid the $6,800.00 premium in cash, but that appellee claimed the cash amounted only to $5,800.00, which forced appellant to pay an extra $1,000.00. The ensuing colloquy established that appellant's attorney only learned of the $1,000.00 claim by appellant on the day before the hearing. He did not notify appellee's attorney. Appellee's attorney claimed surprise and gave the name of a witness he would have called if he had known the alleged $1,000.00 overcharge was to be an issue. He then moved for a continuance. The court sustained the objection stating that he did not have jurisdiction over the $1,000.00 claim. Appellant's attorney responded, "Very Well" and "Okay." In this Court, appellant seeks to reverse the trial court on the complex issue of whether a criminal court has jurisdiction, to the exclusion of a civil court with a jury, to determine whether there was an overcharge in premium by a third party bondsman. We decline to decide the issue. We will not decide an issue if there were no written pleadings before the trial court; neither the opposing side nor the court was in any manner apprised of an issue; the point was only superficially mentioned at the hearing; and counsel raising the issue then assents to the ruling. To rule otherwise would allow an attorney to lay a minefield of traps for appeal concerning points which were not anticipated and for which preparation could not be made.
Affirmed.
PURTLE, J., not participating.