Summary
holding that the juvenile court had lost jurisdiction over a case once it had transferred it to the circuit court
Summary of this case from A.S. v. C.MOpinion
2031145.
November 3, 2004.
Appeal from the Juvenile Court, Houston County, No. JU-2004-403.01, Denny L. Holloway and Kenneth W. Quattlebaum, JJ.
Bryant F. Williams, Jr., Ozark, for petitioner.
Jeffery C. Duffey, Montgomery, for respondent A.D.W.
T.T.W., the father of C.W., a minor child, petitions this court for a writ of mandamus directing the Houston Juvenile Court to rescind its order, entered on September 3, 2004, purporting to vacate its earlier order of July 23, 2004, transferring an action involving the custody of the child to the Dale Circuit Court. We grant the petition and issue the writ of mandamus.
The father's petition indicates that it involves the same parties as those before the court in a recent decision concerning the parties' divorce. Our review of that opinion indicates that the father was divorced from the child's mother, A.D.W., by a judgment of the Dale Circuit Court entered on April 1, 2003, and modified on May 23, 2003; under that judgment, the mother and the father were awarded joint legal custody of the child, with the mother having primary physical custody and the father having visitation rights. In our previous opinion, this court affirmed that portion of the divorce judgment pertaining to custody. However, after the appeal had been taken from that judgment, the Dale Circuit Court, on September 23, 2003, purported to order that each party would alternate having physical custody of the child for one week at a time. In our previous opinion, we held that the circuit court's September 23, 2003, order would not support an appeal because it was void.
Rule 52, Ala. R.App. P., provides that "[i]n any case involving a juvenile who has been the subject of a proceeding in the juvenile court system," such as this case, "the appellate court shall make reasonable efforts to preserve the anonymity of such a person." In an effort to preserve the anonymity of the child in this case, we have purposely not provided a citation to our previous opinion involving the child's parents' divorce.
On June 24, 2004, the Houston County Department of Human Resources ("DHR") received a report of suspected child abuse regarding the child when she was observed during a pediatric consultation in Dothan to have suffered a skull fracture and a hematoma. DHR filed a dependency petition in the Houston Juvenile Court on June 29, 2004, seeking custody of the child; in its dependency petition, DHR alleged that the child's parents were unable to discharge their responsibilities, that the child had suffered serious injuries while visiting with the father on two occasions, that the father had refused to cooperate with a safety plan and had failed to undergo drug testing upon DHR's request, and that DHR should be awarded custody in order to provide protection to the child. The Houston Juvenile Court entered an order on June 29, 2004, awarding temporary custody of the child to DHR, and a guardian ad litem was appointed for the child.
On July 2, 2004, the father filed a motion in which he requested, among other things, that the Houston Juvenile Court dissolve the temporary-custody order and transfer the cause to the Dale Circuit Court on the authority of, among other cases, P.R.G. v. W.P.R., 590 So.2d 913 (Ala.Civ.App. 1991), in which this court held that "once a circuit court has acquired jurisdiction over a child pursuant to a divorce and decides the question of custody, that court retains jurisdiction over custody until the child reaches majority" and that, "[a]s a result, the juvenile court no longer has authority to determine custody under the dependency statute." 590 So.2d at 914; see also Rowe v. Hill, 365 So.2d 1247 (Ala.Civ.App. 1979). On July 6, 2004, the Houston Juvenile Court entered an order transferring the child's legal custody to DHR pending a final hearing, joining the mother and the father as parties to the action, ordering that the father could exercise supervised visitation with the child, and directing the parties to undergo psychological evaluations.
However, the Houston Juvenile Court entered the following order on July 23, 2004: "This Court has temporary emergency jurisdiction. Circuit Court of Dale County has original jurisdiction. Case transferred." On August 10, 2004, the Dale Circuit Court entered an order on the case action summary sheet of the parents' divorce case noting the transfer of the action and stating that it would act "on motion of [the] parties."
On August 20, 2004, the father filed a motion in the Dale Circuit Court requesting that the temporary-custody orders that had been entered by the Houston Juvenile Court be set aside. The Dale Circuit Court heard arguments by telephone from attorneys for the parents, counsel for DHR, and the child's guardian ad litem. On August 31, 2004, the Dale Circuit Court entered an order requiring that DHR's investigation be concluded by September 22, 2004, and finding that the father presented "no risk of intentional injury" and "no abnormal risk of negligent injury" to the child. In addition, the temporary-custody orders of the Houston Juvenile Court were set aside, both parents were directed to continue psychological evaluation and counseling pending the conclusion of DHR's investigation, and the father was ordered to undergo drug testing.
On September 3, 2004, the child's guardian ad litem filed in the Houston Juvenile Court a "Motion to Transfer for Lack of Jurisdiction," alleging that the Dale Circuit Court lacked jurisdiction to enter any orders and that the Houston Juvenile Court should "reassume jurisdiction" of the matter. The Houston Juvenile Court entered an order on September 3, 2004, in which it concluded that it had "transferred jurisdiction in error" and in which it purported to return the child's custody to DHR pending a hearing.
The father timely petitioned for a writ of mandamus. See Rule 21(a), Ala. R.App. P. (addressing the "presumptively reasonable time" for seeking review by petition for extraordinary writ in an appellate court). This court called for answers and briefs from the parties pursuant to Rule 21(b), Ala. R.App. P. The juvenile-court judge, DHR, and the mother have responded to the petition, and the mother and the father have filed briefs in support of their respective positions.
We find dispositive the father's contention that the Houston Juvenile Court lost authority to, in effect, "reconsider" its transfer order after the case had been transferred to the Dale Circuit Court. In Ex parte MedPartners, Inc., 820 So.2d 815 (Ala. 2001), our Supreme Court considered the efficacy of an order entered by a judge of the Jefferson Circuit Court in which he had "attempted, ex mero motu, to set aside his order transferring the . . . case to Tuscaloosa County." 820 So.2d at 821. The Supreme Court concluded that that trial judge's "order setting aside [his] transfer order was a nullity," reasoning that "[o]nce [a] transferor court has granted the motion to transfer the case and the file has been sent to, and docketed by, the transferee court, the transferor court cannot then change its mind and vacate or set aside its transfer order or order the case returned." Id. In such a case, an aggrieved party's "sole remedy" is to file "a petition for [a] writ of mandamus directed to the transferor court." Id.; accord, Ex parte Sawyer, 873 So.2d 166 (Ala. 2003).
We conclude that the Houston Juvenile Court did not have jurisdiction to enter its September 3, 2004, order purporting to set aside its July 23, 2004, order transferring the case to the Dale Circuit Court; thus, the Houston Juvenile Court's September 3, 2004, order is void, and mandamus will lie to compel the vacation of that order. Ex parte K.S.G., 645 So.2d 297, 300 (Ala.Civ.App. 1992). The Houston Juvenile Court is directed to vacate its September 3, 2004, order.
The father also sought a writ of prohibition; however, our resolution of this case renders moot the father's request for a writ of prohibition. See Ex parte K.S.G., 645 So.2d 297, 300 (Ala.Civ.App. 1992) (where writ of mandamus issued to compel juvenile court to vacate void judgment, writ of prohibition was held to be "unnecessary to prohibit further adjudication" of dependency petition by juvenile court).
PETITION GRANTED; WRIT OF MANDAMUS ISSUED.
YATES, P.J., and MURDOCK, J., concur.
THOMPSON, J., concurs specially, with writing, which CRAWLEY, J., joins.
I agree with the main opinion. I write separately to clarify that at the time the Houston Juvenile Court entered its June 29, 2004, order awarding temporary custody of the child to DHR, that court shared concurrent jurisdiction with the Dale Circuit Court. Section 12-15-30(a), Ala. Code 1975, provides that a juvenile court has original jurisdiction over proceedings in which a child is alleged to be dependent. See also § 12-15-30(c)(1)a., Ala. Code 1975, providing that a juvenile court has jurisdiction over a child in a situation in which the child is exposed to possible "physical, mental or emotional abuse." However, § 12-15-30(b)(1), Ala. Code 1975, qualifies the extent of the juvenile court's original jurisdiction by providing that another court shall not be deprived of jurisdiction where that court has considered or has pending before it the issue of custody of the child.
In construing § 12-15-30(b)(1), this court has stated:
"A juvenile court may gain concurrent jurisdiction with that of the original circuit court, where circumstances exist which create an emergency as to the immediate welfare of the child. Roberson v. McAliley, 387 So.2d 840 (Ala.Civ.App. 1980). We have also held, however, that where the circuit court had taken jurisdiction of a child as a result of a divorce decree that previously decided custody, that court retains jurisdiction until the child reaches majority, and the juvenile court did not have jurisdiction to determine custody pursuant to the statute governing a dependent child. Rowe v. Hill, 365 So.2d 1247 (Ala.Civ.App. 1979)."
Ex parte J.R.W., 630 So.2d 447, 449 (Ala.Civ.App. 1992) (emphasis added).
In this case, DHR filed a dependency petition alleging facts that constituted an emergency with regard to the child's immediate welfare; therefore, the Houston Juvenile Court had jurisdiction, concurrent with that of the Dale Circuit Court, to enter its June 29, 2004, order. See Ex parte J.R.W., supra; see also Roberson v. McAliley, 387 So.2d 840 (Ala.Civ.App. 1980) (citing § 12-15-30(c)(1)a. and holding that because the evidence supported the juvenile court's finding that the child was in immediate need of care, the juvenile court had concurrent jurisdiction with a circuit court to make a custody award).
I agree with the main opinion that once the Houston Juvenile Court transferred the action to the Dale Circuit Court and the Dale Circuit Court accepted the case, the Houston Juvenile Court lacked authority to attempt to reassume jurisdiction over the matter.
CRAWLEY, J., concurs.