Opinion
Docket No. 136453.
Submitted February 18, 1993, at Lansing.
Decided September 7, 1993, at 9:55 A.M.
Mary M. Otto, for Lawrence Otto.
Lindsay Lindsay (by Stephen E. Lindsay), for Margaret Deters.
Before: CORRIGAN, P.J., and SHEPHERD and McDONALD, JJ.
In this action for payment for services rendered to respondent's ward, Opal Halbeck, a Kansas resident who died while temporarily living in Michigan, petitioner appeals the probate court's determination that it lacked jurisdiction. We reverse.
Respondent's predecessor as conservator of Opal Halbeck's estate, Edna LeBlanc, contracted with petitioner Lawrence Otto to prepare tax forms and inventory the estate on December 12, 1989. Petitioner provided those services, but a dispute arose in March 1990. On March 26, 1990, LeBlanc terminated petitioner's services and declined to pay him for the services rendered. Seeking payment, petitioner first wrote to LeBlanc on April 25, 1990. On May 3, 1990, petitioner wrote to the probate court, enclosing a copy of his bill and stating:
To date no payment has been received and I was informed on or about March 26th that payment for services rendered will not be made. I have waited a week since sending my bill and have had no communication with Mrs. LeBlanc. A copy of this letter is being sent to Mrs. LeBlanc.
On May 8, 1990, the deputy register of the probate court replied to petitioner:
Enclosed is a statement and proof of claim which you may want to complete, attaching a statement of services. There is an upcoming hearing on 5/14/90 on the first account [conservator's first annual accounting] which you may want to attend relative to your claim or you may want to process your claim prior to that date.
Although petitioner had explicitly informed the probate court that the conservator had already disallowed payment, he was not told to file a petition, but, instead, was told to file the claim form approved by the State Court Administrative Office. The form included a statement that "[c]laims must be presented either personally or by mail to the fiduciary on or before the last day for presentment of claims. This claim may also be filed with the probate court (see reverse side for proof of service)." Petitioner signed the "proof of service" portion of the form and dated it May 9, 1990. He then mailed the completed form with a claim for $1,075 to the deputy register, with a note saying, "A copy is being sent to Edna LeBlanc." The probate court stamped petitioner's completed form "filed" on May 11, 1990. On May 23, 1990, the probate court scheduled a hearing regarding the petitioner's claim for July 2, 1990.
Respondent Deters, who replaced LeBlanc as conservator on June 1, filed objections to petitioner's statement and proof of claim on June 12. At the same time, Deters also served interrogatories, requests to produce, and requests to admit on the petitioner. After June 12, discovery apparently proceeded on the petitioner's claim. The claim was thus the functional equivalent of a petition.
At the hearing on July 2, the court, acting on Deters' objection, gave petitioner sixty-three days from the date of the conservator's objections to file a petition for allowance of his claim.
Opal Halbeck died on July 27. Her estate was probated in Rush County, Kansas, the state of her legal residence.
Petitioner, apparently unaware of Halbeck's death, complied with the court's July 2 directive and filed the petition on August 15. The petition contained information virtually identical to that contained in the earlier claim. Respondent then moved to dismiss the petition because Halbeck had died before it was filed. She contended that after Halbeck's death, only the conservator could file a claim in the probate court and that the petitioner's only recourse was to file his claim in Kansas. Agreeing that it lacked jurisdiction with regard to Halbeck's estate, the probate court dismissed the claim.
The definition of a "claim" applicable to estates commenced before January 1, 1989, appears at MCL 700.3(4); MSA 27.5003(4):
MCL 700.3(4); MSA 27.5003(4) was rewritten by 1988 PA 222, but is applicable only to estates commenced on or after January 1, 1989. Because the Halbeck estate was commenced in 1988, when LeBlanc was appointed conservator, the earlier version of the statute controls.
"Claim" in respect to estates of decedents, disappeared persons, minors, and legally incapacitated persons includes liabilities of the decedent, disappeared person, or ward, whether arising in contract, in tort, or otherwise, and liabilities of the estate which arise at or before the death of the decedent, and funeral and burial expenses. Claim does not include estate and inheritance taxes, demands, or disputes regarding title of a decedent, disappeared person, or ward to specific assets alleged to be included in the estate. [Emphasis supplied.]
Claims against the estate of a protected person are governed by MCL 700.488; MSA 27.5488, which provides in part:
(1) A conservator may pay or secure from the estate claims against the estate or against the protected person arising before or after the conservatorship upon their presentation and allowance. . . . A claim may be presented by either of the following methods:
(a) The claimant may deliver or mail to the conservator a written statement of the claim indicating its basis, the name and mailing address of the claimant, and the amount claimed.
(b) The claimant may file a written statement of the claim, in the form prescribed by supreme court rule, with the court and deliver or mail a copy of the statement to the conservator.
(2) A claim shall be considered presented on receipt of the written statement of claim by the conservator or on the filing of the claim with the court, whichever occurs first. A presented claim shall be allowed if it is not disallowed by written statement mailed by the conservator to the claimant within 63 days after its presentation. The presentation of a claim tolls any statute of limitation relating to the claim until 28 days after its disallowance.
(3) A claimant whose claim is not paid may petition the court for determination of the claim at any time before it is barred by the applicable statute of limitation and, upon due proof, procure an order for its allowance, payment, or security from the estate.
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(6) If a protected person dies while under conservatorship, the court may, upon petition of the conservator and with or without notice, hear a claim for burial expense or any other claim as the court considers advisable. Upon hearing the claim, the court may enter an order allowing or disallowing the claim or any part of it and provide in the order of allowance that the claim or any part of it shall be paid immediately if payment can be made without injury or serious inconvenience to the protected person's estate. [Emphasis supplied.]
Respondent relies on MCL 700.488(6); MSA 27.5488(6) for the rule that, after the death of a protected person, only the conservator may petition the court for payment of a claim. In support of this proposition, she also cites MCL 700.485(5); MSA 27.5485(5), which directs:
If a protected person dies, the conservator shall .. . .
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(c) Retain the estate for delivery to a duly appointed personal representative of the decedent or other persons entitled thereto.
Respondent asserts that her only duty after Halbeck's death was to transfer all the assets of the estate to the ward's personal representative. If, she argues, she did anything other than what is directed by § 485(5)(c), i.e., paying petitioner for services rendered before the ward's death, she would violate § 485 and breach her fiduciary duties. We disagree.
At least one other court, in a state with a statutory scheme quite similar to Michigan's, has found that individuals with a claim against the estate of a protected person are "other persons entitled" to assets of the conservatorship. See In re Britten, 430 N.W.2d 408, 410-411 (Iowa, 1988). "For purposes of carrying out this statutory directive, the court may find in the proper circumstances that the persons entitled to these assets are someone other than the ward's personal representative." Id. at 411, construing Iowa Code § 633.678.
In In re Quinney's Estate, 287 Mich. 329, 334; 283 N.W. 599 (1939), our Supreme Court concluded that if a guardian had contracted with someone to render services to the deceased ward and that party had performed,
such person could not present a claim against [the ward's] estate and recover upon the same after her death. . . . The right to recover by such person would be against the guardian upon the guardian's contract, and, upon payment or settlement thereof, the guardian might include the claim paid in his account as guardian, and its allowance would in the first instance be by the probate court. [Emphasis supplied.]
Although Article 4 of the Revised Probate Code is largely adapted from the Uniform Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Act (hereafter the "uniform act"), 8 ULA (Master ed), pp 478-510, § 488(6) appears to be a unique provision. We thus turn to other states' case authority in search of guidance. See, e.g., anno: Power of guardian, committee, or trustee of mental incompetent, after latter's death, to pay debts and obligations, 60 ALR2d 963. Many jurisdictions maintain a strict dichotomy between the powers of a conservator or guardian and the powers of a personal representative or executor of a ward's estate. See, e.g., In re Poynot, 389 So.2d 106, 107 (La App, 1980) (remaining debts must be paid by the executor, the administrator, or the heirs only; state has not adopted the uniform act); In re Bohnstedt, 36 Del. Ch. 97, 100; 125 A.2d 580 (1956) (without statutory authority, trustee has no power to pay existing obligations; state has not adopted the uniform act subsequently); Estate of Mouckerezi, 468 A.2d 993, 995, n 1 (Me, 1983) (conservator's duties terminate at death; personal representative of estate must defend claims; jurisdiction adopted section of uniform act corresponding to § 485); In re Guardianship of Mayou, 6 Wn. App. 345, 347; 492 P.2d 1047 (1972) (creditors with outstanding claims must submit their claims to decedent's personal representative; not a uniform act jurisdiction); Noyes v First Nat'l Bank of Rawlins, 589 P.2d 384, 385 (Wy, 1979) (guardian has no legal authority after death of ward; not a uniform act jurisdiction).
Our research discloses no jurisdiction that, having adopted the uniform act, has added a provision analogous to MCL 700.488(6); MSA 27.5488(6). Of all the uniform act states (Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Carolina, and Utah), only Michigan and New Mexico have a statutory procedure for "presentation" of claims against a protected person. New Mexico's statute does not include any provision for payment in the event of the protected person's death; see NM Stat Ann 45-5-428.
Conversely, some jurisdictions have held that claims against a ward's estate may be brought against the conservator even after the ward's death. See, e.g., In re Hill, 166 Ariz. App. 230, 232; 801 P.2d 465 (1990) (conservator has power to settle ward's account; jurisdiction has adopted uniform act); State v Greenhaw, 50 Ariz. 436, 440; 72 P.2d 950 (1937) (all debts legally incurred by the estate of an incompetent during the guardianship are liens upon the estate as formal mortgages and administrator of estate takes it subject to them; before adoption of uniform act); In re McCann, 444 N.W.2d 500, 502 (Iowa, 1989) (trial court's closing of conservatorship does not constitute a discharge of liability against conservator; not a uniform act jurisdiction); In re Pappas, 174 N.W.2d 422, 425 (Iowa, 1970) ("manifest" that claimant does not forfeit his right to recover a valid debt because the debtor dies; claimant is entitled to a hearing in the guardianship proceedings); In re Matthews, 54 A.D.2d 999, 1001; 388 N.Y.S.2d 933 (1976) (conservator retains authority to satisfy obligations payable during ward's life, applying statutory language not based on uniform act); In re Kohler, 200 Misc. 506, 508-509; 107 N.Y.S.2d 964 (1951) (divesting authority of conservator as a result of the ward's death does not relieve him of performance of obligations already incurred); In re Guigues, 64 N.Y.S.2d 573, 574 (Supreme Ct, 1946) (ward's death did not deprive court of power to order payment of all valid and legal obligations undertaken by the conservator during ward's lifetime).
Following a protected person's death, the conservator or guardian must "settle his account." See, e.g., In re Estate of Livingston, 627 S.W.2d 673, 679 (Mo App, 1982) (guardian has power to settle ward's account; not a uniform act jurisdiction); Gutierrez v Estate of Gutierrez, 786 S.W.2d 112, 112-113 (Tex App, 1990) (although trial court had no authority after ward's death, guardian was responsible for final accounting of ward's estate; not a uniform act jurisdiction).
We believe that Opal Halbeck's death did not deprive the probate court of jurisdiction to resolve this matter. MCL 700.488(3); MSA 27.5488(3) provides that "[a] claimant whose claim is not paid may petition the court for determination of the claim at any time before it is barred by the applicable statute of limitation." Petitioner's failure to file a document styled "petition" before the ward's death resulted from incomplete advice from the deputy register, scheduling delays, and unnecessary procedural hurdles. Having analyzed the claim submitted, we conclude that it amounted to a petition.
MCR 5.113, governing papers filed in probate court, provided in 1990:
The current version of MCR 5.113 is substantively identical, but now includes subsection A(1)(c) providing that the petition must "be substantially in the form approved by the State Court Administrator, if a form has been approved for the use." The Supreme Court now also requires that "[t]he court must endorse the date of receipt on all papers filed." MCR 5.113(C).
(A) Form of Papers Generally.
(1) A petition, motion, inventory, report, account, or other paper in a proceeding must
(a) be legibly written in ink, typewritten, or printed, and
(b) include the
(i) title of the proceeding in which it is filed;
(ii) file number, if any, including the case-type code (see MCR 8.117) according to the principal subject matter of the proceeding;
(iii) character of the paper; and
(iv) name, address, and telephone number of the attorney, if any, appearing for the person filing the paper.
(B) Contents of Petitions.
(1) A petition must include allegations and representations sufficient to justify the relief sought and must:
(a) state the name of the court and title of the proceeding;
(b) identify the petitioner, and his or her interest in proceedings, and qualification to petition;
(c) include allegations as to residence, domicile, or property situs essential to establishing court jurisdiction;
(d) identify and incorporate, directly or by reference, any documents to be admitted, construed, or interpreted;
(e) include any additional allegations required by law or court rule;
(f) except where ex parte relief is sought, include a current list of interested parties, indicate the existence and form of incapacity of any of them, the mailing addresses of the parties or their representatives, the nature of representation and the need, if any, for special representation.
(2) The petition may incorporate by reference papers and lists of interested parties previously filed with the court if changes in the papers or lists are set forth in the incorporating petition.
(3) The requirements of this subrule do not apply to additional pleadings related to the petition filed or to objections of interested parties under MCR 5.119.
The "Statement and Proof of Claim" form that petitioner mailed on May 9, 1990, fulfilled the requirements of a petition as set forth in MCR 5.113. It was legibly written and gave the title of the proceeding and the character of the paper. Respondent was not represented by an attorney at that point. The form included "allegations and representations sufficient to justify the relief sought," MCR 5.113(B)(1), by indicating that petitioner had rendered specified services to the Halbeck estate in a specific amount and had received only partial compensation. It stated the title of the proceeding, MCR 5.113(B)(1)(a), and identified petitioner, his interest in the proceeding, and his qualification to petition. It also gave addresses for all parties in Cheboygan County (MCR 5.113[B][1] [c]), and included copies of the documents petitioner offered in support of his claim (MCR 5.113[B][1][d]). No additional allegations were required, MCR 5.113(B)(1)(e), and petitioner and respondent, whose address appeared on the form, were the only interested parties.
The only missing elements were the file number of the case, MCR 5.113(A)(1)(b)(ii), and the name of the court, MCR 5.113(B)(1)(a). The omission of these items should not be fatal. The court already had indicated to petitioner that it had jurisdiction ("There is an upcoming hearing . . . which you may want to attend relative to your claim"), and the court register herself did not use the file number when she corresponded with petitioner. Nothing in the Revised Probate Code requires that a "claim," as defined in MCL 700.3(4); MSA 27.5003(4), be made only in the form of a "petition" as defined by MCR 5.113.
Further, respondent actually treated the claim form as a petition. Respondent's counsel forwarded interrogatories and a request for production of documents in June 1990, before petitioner even had been instructed to file a formal petition. Under the unusual circumstances of this case, petitioner's filing of the detailed statement and proof of claim amounted to the filing of a petition.
Indeed, the parties do not appear to dispute that the claim was properly presented under MCL 700.488(1) or (2); MSA 27.5488(1) or (2).
We disagree with the dissent's analysis of "presentation" under this statute. MCL 700.488(2); MSA 27.5488(2) says, "A claim shall be considered presented on receipt of the written statement of claim by the conservator or on the filing of the claim with the court, whichever occurs first." The purpose of this language is to identify the date on which the disallowance period starts running, rather than to disqualify a duplicate filing of the same claim. We have found no authority for the latter position. The record indicates that petitioner simultaneously mailed his "Statement and Proof of Claim" on May 9, 1990, to respondent and the court. The statute provides that "[a] claim shall be considered presented on receipt of the written statement of claim by the conservator or on the filing of the claim with the court, whichever occurs first." MCL 700.488(2); MSA 27.5488(2) (emphasis supplied). The court stamped the claim "filed" on May 11. The record does not indicate the date on which respondent received it. Petitioner's claim should not be defeated merely by the unpredictability of the mails. Note, too, that the court treated petitioner's claim as "presented" (by scheduling a hearing regarding the matter for May 22) even though petitioner's cover letter indicated that "[a] copy [of the claim form] is being sent to Edna LeBlanc [respondent]."
In these circumstances, the probate court erred in finding that § 488(6) divested it of jurisdiction.
Reversed.
SHEPHERD, J., concurred.
I would affirm the order of the probate court. It is undisputed a "protected" person's death does not invalidate claims for debts incurred before the death and that the court supervising the conservatorship has jurisdiction to decide all claims properly filed before the death. What must be decided in this case, however, is whether the instant claim was properly filed with the court before the protected person's death, and, if not, whether the claimant has standing to file a petition for payment after the protected person's death.
MCL 700.488; MSA 27.5488 governs the presentation of claims against the estate of a protected person. A claim must be written and delivered either directly to the conservator, subsection 1(a), or to the court, with a copy provided to the conservator, subsection 1(b). A claim is considered presented upon receipt of the written claim by the conservator or on the filing of the claim with the court, whichever occurs first. Subsection 2. In this case, because petitioner served a written claim on the conservator pursuant to subsection 1(a) on May 9, 1990, two days before filing a statement and proof of claim with the probate court pursuant to subsection 1(b), the claim served on the conservator is the presented claim. Subsection 2.
After receiving the claim, the conservator filed a written disallowance of the claim within the sixty-three-day period provided in the statute. Section 488(2). Petitioner was instructed to file a petition for determination of the claim with the court. Section 488(3). However, before petitioner filed his claim, the protected person died. Petitioner therefore failed to file properly a claim with the court before the death of the protected person. I would hold because petitioner failed to file a proper claim with the court before the protected person's death, he has no standing to file a claim in the conservatorship after the death.
Although the death of a protected person while under a conservatorship does not preclude the filing of a claim incurred during the conservatorship, § 488(6) provides that such a claim is supposed to be filed upon petition of the conservator. Specifically § 488(6) states:
If a protected person dies while under conservatorship, the court may, upon petition of the conservator and with or without notice, hear a claim for burial expense or any other claim as the court considers advisable. Upon hearing the claim, the court may enter an order allowing or disallowing the claim or any part of it and provide in the order of allowance that the claim or any part of it shall be paid immediately if payment can be made without injury or serious inconvenience to the protected person's estate. [MCL 700.488(6); MSA 27.5488(6). Emphasis added.]
The language utilized by the Legislature in drafting subsection 6 is explicit and evidences a clear intent to grant only a conservator the power to petition the probate court after the death of the protected person. When a statute designates the persons who may bring a claim, only the persons so designated have the right to bring such an action. In re Swope, 190 Mich. App. 478; 476 N.W.2d 459 (1991). The Legislature is presumed to have intended the meaning it plainly expresses. Frasier v Model Coverall Service, Inc, 182 Mich. App. 741; 453 N.W.2d 301 (1990).
Lastly, I disagree with the majority's holding appellant's claim amounted to a petition. It is clear from the record that no one, including the appellant, intended his claim to be a petition under the statute. If appellant does not argue his claim was, in effect, a petition, then I can find no reason for this Court to do so.
I would affirm the order of the probate court dismissing the appellant's petition.