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concluding that appellate court has jurisdiction to consider appeal from denial of habeas petition if trial court reached merits of claim
Summary of this case from Ex parte YbarraOpinion
No. 03-99-00804-CR
Filed March 2, 2000 Discretionary Review Refused May 24, 2000
Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2 of Williamson County No. 94-2930-2, Honorable Robert F. B. (Skip) Morse, Judge, Presiding.
Roy E. Greenwood, Austin, for Appellant.
Wayne Porter, First Asst. County Atty., Georgetown, for State.
Before Chief Justice ABOUSSIE, Justices KIDD and B. A. SMITH.
Jerry Gonzales applied for a writ of habeas corpus seeking relief from his conviction for driving while intoxicated on the grounds that the evidence used against him was unlawfully seized and that he was denied effective assistance of counsel at trial. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 11.09 (West 1977). Four days later, the county court at law, having "considered the application for writ of habeas corpus . . . and believing that a habeas corpus evidentiary hearing is necessary to determine the merits of the claims raised by applicant," issued an order granting the writ and setting the matter for a hearing.
This conviction was affirmed by this Court and is now final. See Gonzales v. State, 977 S.W.2d 189 (Tex.App.-Austin 1998, pet. ref'd).
When the cause was called one month later, counsel for the State urged the court to "deny the application for a writ without a hearing." Counsel noted that the underlying conviction was affirmed by this Court and that petition for discretionary review was refused, then added, "[I]t's the State's position that that mandate was correct, that this Court's decision was correct, the Court of Appeals opinion was correct, and that any further proceedings in this cause are unnecessary and [you] have sufficient basis in the record for denying a Writ of Habeas Corpus, Your Honor." After counsel for Gonzales responded that the ineffectiveness claim had not been raised on appeal, the court announced, "I'm going to deny your writ," adding that it was doing so "[w]ithout a hearing." This appeal followed. See Ex parte Jordan, 659 S.W.2d 827, 828 (Tex.Crim.App. 1983).
Gonzales brings forward five points of error, the first of which is that the county court at law erred by refusing to conduct a hearing after granting the application for writ of habeas corpus. The State did not file a brief, but instead filed a motion to dismiss urging that no appeal lies in the absence of a ruling on the merits of Gonzales's habeas corpus application. We will grant the motion.
It is an oft-stated rule that no appeal lies from the refusal to issue a writ of habeas corpus. See Ex parte Noe, 646 S.W.2d 230, 231 (Tex.Crim.App. 1983); Ex parte Moorehouse, 614 S.W.2d 450, 451 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981); Ex parte Johnson, 561 S.W.2d 841, 842 (Tex.Crim.App. 1978); Ex parte Miller, 931 S.W.2d 724, 725 (Tex.App.-Austin 1996, no pet.). This rule was significantly modified by the opinion in Ex parte Hargett, 819 S.W.2d 866 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991). In that case, the trial court refused to issue a requested writ of habeas corpus in an order that nevertheless addressed the merits of the claims raised in the writ application. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals wrote:
The Court of Appeals correctly ruled that the trial court did not issue a writ of habeas corpus. However, it erred in concluding that it had no jurisdiction to hear the appeal from the trial court's order denying relief. This is not a case where the district court simply refused to hear the application as presented. Here, the court went beyond merely deciding not to issue the writ of habeas corpus. The court, in this instance, undertook to rule on the merits of the application.
It is important to recognize that there is a distinction between the issuance of a writ of habeas corpus and the granting of relief on the claims set forth in an application for that writ. The trial court in the instant case did not issue the requested writ of habeas corpus. However, he did not dismiss the application either. Instead, the court undertook to rule on the merits of applicant's claim and hence, the court of appeals has jurisdiction over applicant's appeal.
Id. at 869 (footnote omitted). Under Hargett, the crucial question is not whether the trial court did or did not issue the writ, but whether the court did or did not consider and resolve the merits of the petition. See 43 George E. Dix and Robert O. Dawson, Criminal Practice and Procedure § 47.43 (Texas Practice 1995). If the trial court reaches the merits of the habeas corpus application, its ruling is appealable even if it comes in the form of an order refusing to issue the writ. See Hargett, 819 S.W.2d at 869. Conversely, an order purporting to deny the relief sought in a habeas corpus application is not appealable if the trial court did not in fact rule on the substantive merits of the applicant's claim. See Ex parte Bamburg, 890 S.W.2d 550, 551 (Tex.App.-Beaumont 1994, no pet.).
In the present cause, the county court at law issued the requested writ of habeas corpus, but subsequently refused to consider the claims made in the writ application at the hearing it had set for that purpose. Instead, the court "denied the writ" without hearing evidence or argument regarding Gonzales's claims, and without expressing an opinion on the merits of those claims. Because the court did not consider and resolve the merits of Gonzales's habeas corpus application, we are constrained to hold that we are without appellate jurisdiction.
In a case where a judge refuses to issue the requested writ of habeas corpus or denies an applicant the requested hearing on the merits of his claim, an applicant's remedies are limited. Some remedies available to an applicant in that situation are to present the application to another district judge having jurisdiction, or under proper circumstances, to pursue a writ of mandamus.
Hargett, 819 S.W.2d at 868 (emphasis added, footnotes omitted); see also Ex parte Hughes, 20 S.W.2d 1070 (Tex.Crim.App. 1929).
The State's motion to dismiss for want of jurisdiction is granted. The appeal is dismissed.
Dismissed for Want of Jurisdiction on State's Motion