Summary
In Holmes v. Alexander, 52 Okla. 122, 152 P. 819, it was held that where an action is against a partnership only, and where service is made upon the firm only, a judgment against the individuals composing the partnership is void for the reason that it is rendered against parties not before the court, and that a partnership is a distinct entity from the individuals composing it.
Summary of this case from Taft v. DavidsonOpinion
No. 5458
Opinion Filed November 2, 1915.
1. APPEAL AND ERROR — Revivor — Action Against Partnership. Where, in an action against a partnership, service is made by publication and the appearance is by the partnership only, and judgment is rendered against the individuals composing the firm, and, pending the appeal, one of the partners dies, held, a failure to revive in the name of his personal representative is not fatal to the appeal, inasmuch as the trial court was without jurisdiction to render an individual judgment against the deceased.
2. PARTNERSHIP — Action Against — Process — Judgment. In an action against a partnership, where service, is made upon the firm only, a judgment rendered against the individuals composing the partnership is void for the reason that it is rendered against parties not before the court.
3. PARTNERSHIP — Nature — Partners. A partnership is a distinct entity from the individuals who compose it.
(Syllabus by Galbraith, C.)
Error from County Court, Carter County; W.F. Freeman, Judge.
Action by M.L. Alexander against Edward R. Holmes and Ralph W. Holmes, surviving partners of the firm of R. E. Holmes Sons. Judgment for plaintiff, and defendants bring error. Reversed.
J.B. Moore, Warner, Dean, McLeod Langworthy, and William E. Byers, for plaintiffs in error.
Cruce Potter, for defendant in error.
This action was originally commenced in a justice of the peace court. On appeal to the county court it was tried to the court and a jury, and a verdict returned for the plaintiff. Judgment was rendered on the verdict as follows:
"It is therefore ordered, decreed, and adjudged by the court that M.L. Alexander, the plaintiff herein, do have and recover of and from R.E. Holmes, Ralph W. Holmes, and Edward R. Holmes, the defendants herein, jointly and severally, the sum of $200, together with all costs herein. To the above judgment the defendants in open court except."
A motion is hereby presented by the defendant in error to dismiss the appeal for the reason:
"That this court is without jurisdiction to hear and determine this appeal, for the reason that intermediate to final judgment and the filing of the proceedings in error in the Supreme Court, R.E. Holmes, who was one of the party defendants below, and against whom a judgment was rendered by the court in said cause, and one of the parties who prayed this appeal, died, and that no revivor of said action is shown by the record therein."
This motion is well taken, provided the judgment appealed from is valid, inasmuch as it appears from the face thereof that it was and is a joint judgment. Holmes et al. v. Dillard, 40 Okla. 309, 136 P. 408. This last case, however, is distinguished from the case at bar, in this: That in the Dillard case the action was prosecuted against the individuals composing the partnership of R. E. Holmes Sons, and not against the partnership, as in this case, and in that case the individuals were served with summons and appeared in the trial court, while in this case the summons was against R. E. Holmes Sons, and the service was made by publication against the partnership, and the appearance was by the partnership, and there was neither service upon, nor appearance by, R.E. Holmes. The judgment was therefore void as to him for want of jurisdiction in the trial court to render it. Sayre Commission Co. et al. v. Keen, 26 Okla. 7794, 110 P. 775; Heaton v. Schaeffer, 34 Okla. 631, 126 P. 797, 43 L. R. A. (N. S.) 540. The judgment being void as to R.E. Holmes, for the reasons above given, a failure to revive in the name of his personal representative was not fatal to the appeal, and the motion to dismiss should be denied.
There is, however, a further sufficient reason why this cause should be reversed and remanded, to wit: It appears from the face of the record that the judgment appealed from was void for want of jurisdiction in the trial court to render it, inasmuch as it was rendered against parties who were not properly before the court. The action was commenced against R. E. Holmes Sons, a partnership composed of __________ Holmes and __________ Holmes. The garnishment affidavit, issued at the commencement of the action, alleged that R. E. Holmes Sons were indebted, etc. The summons in the case was issued against R. E. Holmes Sons, and the service made by publication against the partnership. The appearance in the court below was by R. E. Holmes Sons, first by demurrer and then by answer. The judgment, however, appealed from was rendered not against the partnership, but against the individuals composing the partnership, to wit, R. E. Holmes, Ralph W. Holmes, and Edward R. Holmes, jointly and severally. It is said in Heaton v. Schaeffer, supra:
"A consideration of the statutes quoted and cases cited, together with the case of Symms Grocer Co. v. Burnham, Hanna, Munger Co., 6 Okla. 618, 52 P. 918, leads to the conclusion that in this jurisdiction a partnership is, to some extent, a separate entity from the individuals who compose it, and that the members of a firm are not directly liable upon a debt of the partnership, but their liability arises out of their connection with the firm, and is only traceable through the firm, and must be established by a judgment against the firm."
These individuals against whom judgment was rendered were not brought into the case by the service of summons, nor did they make a voluntary appearance therein. Service of summons was upon R. E. Holmes Sons, as a partnership, the appearance in the action was by the partnership. The judgment was not rendered against the party in court, the partnership, but against the individuals composing the partnership who were not in court. Therefore the court was without jurisdiction to render this joint and several judgment against these individuals composing this partnership, and the judgment appealed from is, for that reason, void. Heaton v. Schaeffer, 34 Okla. 631, 126 P. 797, 43 L. R. A. (N. S.) 540; Sayer Commission Co. v. Keen, 26 Okla. 794, 110 P. 775.
We therefore recommend that the judgment appealed from be reversed, and the cause remanded, with directions to grant a new trial.
By the Court: It is so ordered.