Summary
In Holmberg, we observed that probable cause to arrest is not an element of DWI; rather, it is part of a suppression hearing.
Summary of this case from Reynolds v. StateOpinion
No. 01-95-01199-CR.
May 23, 1996.
Appeal from County Court at Law, Harris County, Mark Atkinson, J.
Paul Nugent, Houston, for Appellant.
John B. Holmes, Jr., Alan Curry, Mike Trent, Houston, for Appellee.
OPINION
Appellant, Brad Alan Holmberg, appeals the denial of relief on his application for writ of habeas corpus. The issue in this case is whether a finding by an administrative judge — that officers did not have reasonable suspicion to stop appellant for driving while intoxicated (DWI) — constitutes a bar to prosecution for DWI on the basis of collateral estoppel. We hold that it does not.
Facts
On February 4, 1995, a Houston police officer arrested appellant for DWI. After the arrest, an administrative judge conducted a license revocation hearing in which the Department of Public Safety attempted to suspend appellant's driver's license because appellant had refused a breath test. During the hearing, the arresting officer testified as to his reasons for stopping and arresting appellant. At the conclusion of the hearing, the administrative judge ruled that the officer did not have reasonable suspicion or probable cause to stop appellant and arrest him.
In the meantime, the State filed charges in county criminal court alleging appellant committed the offense of DWI. After his success at the administrative hearing, appellant filed his application for a writ of habeas corpus claiming that, based upon the prior finding of no probable cause to arrest, the doctrine of collateral estoppel prevented the State from prosecuting appellant for DWI. The trial court denied relief.
Collateral Estoppel
In three related points of error, appellant contends the administrative judge's determination of no probable cause to arrest precludes a subsequent prosecution for DWI in county criminal court because of collateral estoppel.
This Court recently addressed the same issues in Ex parte Ayers, 921 S.W.2d 438 (Tex.App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 1996, no pet. h.). Appellant acknowledges Ayers, but distinguishes it for its reliance upon Neaves v. State, 767 S.W.2d 784 (Tex.Crim.App. 1989), a case decided under the former license revocation scheme. Appellant's position is that because the new scheme allows for a full and fair hearing before a lawyer appointed as administrative judge with both sides represented by counsel, a finding of no probable cause in the administrative hearing precludes prosecution for DWI in the county court.
The key to the application of collateral estoppel provided in Neaves, however, was not dependent on the procedure, but rather on the basis that "the 'issue[s] of ultimate fact' are, nevertheless different" between the two proceedings. 767 S.W.2d at 787. In the license revocation hearing, probable cause to arrest is an ultimate fact. It is one of the elements that the State must prove in order to successfully revoke a driver's license. However, in a DWI prosecution, probable cause to arrest is not an element of the offense; it is part of a suppression hearing. A motion to suppress evidence is merely a specialized objection to the admissibility of evidence. Galitz v. State, 617 S.W.2d 949, 952 n. 10 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981); Montalvo v. State, 846 S.W.2d 133, 137-38 (Tex.App. — Austin 1993, no pet.).
We are unaware of any double jeopardy application to rulings on the admissibility of evidence. Counsel for appellant was given opportunity to present this Court with authority for such a proposition; no authority has been presented.
Because Neaves did not rely on the nature of the revocation procedure, but rather upon the rationale that the ultimate facts were different in the two proceedings, we see no reason not to apply the rationale of Neaves to this case, as this Court did in Ayers. Accordingly, we overrule points one through three. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.