Opinion
December 29, 1995
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Kings County (Kramer, J.).
Ordered that the order is modified, on the law, by deleting the provision thereof which granted the motion of the defendant Greater New York Savings Bank for summary judgment and substituting therefor a provision denying the cross motion; as so modified, the order is affirmed, with costs to the plaintiffs.
On October 29, 1990, the day 80-year old Charles Buckley died, and on the two following days, Eugenia Walsh, representing herself as Buckley's niece, delivered to the Greater New York Savings Bank (hereinafter the Bank) a letter of instruction, withdrawal slips, signature cards, and a power of attorney form, all signed by Buckley, authorizing her to name herself as beneficiary on Buckley's various accounts. The documents were variously dated October 29, 1990, October 30, 1990, and October 31, 1990. The Bank checked Buckley's signature, and, without making any further inquiry or notifying Buckley's previous beneficiaries, transferred Buckley's funds (approximately $160,000) into three new accounts naming Walsh as beneficiary. Although on November 2, 1990, the Bank learned that Buckley had expired four days earlier, it did not freeze Walsh's accounts, and by early December 1990 Walsh had emptied these accounts and disappeared. Buckley's original beneficiaries, his elderly sister and brother, sued the Bank, inter alia, for negligence, and moved for summary judgment. The court, however, granted the Bank's cross motion for summary judgment and dismissed the complaint, finding that the Bank had behaved properly, as a matter of law, in obeying the instructions issued by its depositor over his verified signature before it was aware that he had died.
Both at common law and under UCC 4-103, when a bank is sued for negligent release of a depositor's money, it must show by a preponderance of the evidence that, under the circumstances, it exercised due care and diligence, otherwise denominated ordinary or reasonable care, in protecting its customer's funds (Novak v Greater N.Y. Sav. Bank, 30 N.Y.2d 136). We find that on this record there are questions of fact as to whether or not the Bank behaved reasonably in transferring its depositor's accounts and ultimately permitting the funds to be withdrawn (see, Renzi v Aleszczyk, 44 A.D.2d 648; Novak v Greater N.Y. Sav. Bank, supra; Noah v Bowery Sav. Bank, 225 N.Y. 284; Gearns v Bowery Sav. Bank, 135 N.Y. 557; Hankowska v Buffalo Sav. Bank, 155 App. Div. 694). Thompson, J.P., Altman, Friedmann and Goldstein, JJ., concur.