Opinion
No. 7,289.
Submitted December 4, 1934.
Decided January 2, 1935.
Claim and Delivery — Action Against Sureties on Undertaking — Duty of Plaintiff in Original Action in Redelivering Property. Trial — Directed Verdict — When Proper. 1. Where there is no conflict in the evidence and but one conclusion can be drawn therefrom by reasonable men, the court may direct a verdict or withdraw the case from the jury. Same — Motion for Directed Verdict in Effect Demurrer to Evidence — Matters to be Taken into Consideration in Determination of Motion — When Motion not to be Granted. 2. A motion for a directed verdict is, in effect, a demurrer to the evidence, and in its consideration the trial court must deem every fact proved which the case made by the opposing party tends to prove, and unless it follows as a matter of law that the latter cannot recover upon any view of the evidence, including the legitimate inferences to be drawn therefrom, the case should not be taken from the jury. Claim and Delivery — Action on Undertaking — Redelivery of Property — Duty of Unsuccessful Plaintiff in Original Action. 3. Where plaintiff in an action in claim and delivery has secured possession of the property involved pending the litigation and judgment goes against him for its return or its value, he must, if he would escape liability under his undertaking, take active measures to redeliver it to defendant within a reasonable time in the condition in which it was when taken; he must tender it to defendant if readily capable of manual delivery; if not so capable of delivery he may merely make a tender, and if the tender be rejected, his duty is discharged. Same — Award of Return of Property — What Requisite to Discharge Duty of Party to Return Property. 4. Where defendant in a claim and delivery action is awarded a return of the property in dispute and accepts plaintiff's offer to return it, the latter must ask the former to appoint a place where delivery is to be made, and if a reasonable place is designated, delivery must be made there; but if the defendant neglects or refuses to designate a place, or if the place indicated is not a reasonable one, plaintiff making the tender may himself select a suitable and reasonable place, with due regard to the convenience of defendant, and delivery there, with notice, will discharge plaintiff's duty. Same — Party Entitled to Return of Property not Required to Take It Back Unless Title Clear. 5. Defendant adjudged entitled to have property seized in a claim and delivery action returned to him is not required to accept it where title to it was beclouded in the meantime by a chattel mortgage and other claims and thus burdened with a lawsuit to clear the title. Same — Action Against Sureties on Undertaking — Circumstances Under Which Judgment Against Sureties Upheld. 6. In an action against the sureties on an undertaking in claim and delivery, plaintiff (defendant in the original action) had been adjudged entitled to a return of an oil-drilling rig, which in the meantime had become encumbered with a mortgage, and aside from a conversation between him and one of the sureties in which he was asked to hold the matter in abeyance until the title could be cleared, nothing was ever done toward the return of the rig until a bill of sale thereof was handed him and he was advised that he could have the rig wherever he could find it and move it himself, a judgment against the sureties for the amount of the value of the rig held proper.
Appeal from District Court, Toole County; R.M. Hattersley, Judge.
Mr. E.K. Cheadle, Jr., for Appellants, submitted a brief and argued the cause orally.
Mr. Henry McClernan, for Respondent, submitted a brief and argued the cause orally.
The question involved here is whether the defendants, sureties on the claim and delivery bond in the Withers action, or Withers, returned or offered to return the property seized therein, within a reasonable time after the judgment, and in substantially the same condition as when taken by the sheriff. The general rule is that in the event of judgment for the return of property the same must be returned within a reasonable time in substantially the same condition as when taken; and in the event the property be of such a nature as to be not readily capable of manual delivery, all that is necessary is an offer to redeliver it to the defendants. (See 23 R.C.L. 903; Capital Lumbering Co. v. Learned, 36 Or. 544, 59 P. 454, 78 Am. St. Rep. 792; Leeper, Graves Co. v. First Nat. Bank, 26 Okla. 707, 110 P. 655, Ann. Cas. 1912B, 302, 29 L.R.A. (n.s.) 747; Martin v. United States Fidelity Guaranty Co., 29 Cal.App. 499, 156 P. 986; Jarecki Mfg. Co. v. Fleming, 130 Okla. 95, 265 P. 628, 57 A.L.R. 802.)
The leading case in Montana defining the obligations of an unsuccessful plaintiff in a replevin action to return or offer to return the property seized seems to be Gans v. Woolfolk, 2 Mont. 458. This involved a large carpet and it appears that the plaintiff offered to return same at the hotel where it had been used. The defendant in the replevin action failed to designate any other place and this court held that there was a sufficient return of the property within the meaning of the law.
Conceding, for the sake of argument, that upon refusal of the plaintiff to designate a place for the delivery, defendants were required to deliver it to some reasonable place, it is insisted that the question whether the place where the property actually was delivered and located was a reasonable place, taking into consideration the convenience of the plaintiff, was for the jury. The appellants here did everything the law required and fulfilled every reasonable requirement and fully satisfied the conditions of their bond. In directing a verdict for the plaintiff, the court undertook the determination of a question of fact.
Where a judgment in a claim and delivery action is rendered for the return of a bulky and cumbersome article, we may concede that the person in whose possession it is, is not required to tender it like money to the obligee wherever found; however, the unsuccessful party may and should seek the other party and ask him to appoint a place for delivery and must deliver or tender the property at the place so appointed, if it be a reasonable one. If the person entitled neglects or refuses to appoint a place of delivery, the possessor may select it with a reasonable regard for the convenience of the persons entitled and there deliver the goods. (Sec. 9225, Rev. Codes 1921; 62 C.J. 667; Gans v. Woolfolk, 2 Mont. 458, 463; Jarecki Mfg. Co. v. Fleming, 130 Okla. 95, 265 P. 628, 57 A.L.R. 802, and note 806; La Farge v. Rickert, 5 Wend. (N.Y.) 187, 21 Am. Dec. 209; Roberts v. Beatty, 2 Penr. W. 63, (Pa.) 21 Am. Dec. 410; Wiggin v. Wiggin, 43 N.H. 561, 80 Am. Dec. 192; Lawer Auto Supply v. Teton Auto Co., 41 Wyo. 263, 284 P. 1001, 1002, 67 A.L.R. 1492.) Appellants never asked respondent to appoint a place for delivery; nor themselves selected a place for delivery of the property, following such selection by actual delivery; and never made a bona fide unconditional offer of immediate return of the property.
Referring to 23 R.C.L. 903, Capital Lumbering Co. v. Learned, 36 Or. 544, 59 P. 454, 78 Am. St. Rep. 792, and Leeper, Graves Co. v. First Nat. Bank, 26 Okla. 707, 110 P. 655, Ann. Cas. 1912B, 302, 29 L.R.A. (n.s.) 747, cited by appellants, they all specify that it is the duty of the losing party "to take active measures to redeliver" the property to the owner. Also, in the Capital Lumbering Co. Case and in Gans v. Woolfolk, supra, the property had never been removed from the place where it was originally seized by the sheriff.
In June, 1929, one C.H. Withers brought action against this plaintiff, Arthur Hoeh, for the recovery of an oil-drilling rig and boiler, and secured possession thereof on filing an undertaking in claim and delivery in the sum of $3,000, with defendants, G.W. Kirby and Agnes K. Larson, as sureties. The undertaking is in the usual form for the return of the property, if adjudged, or for its value, if return cannot be had. The trial of the action terminated in judgment for Hoeh, in the alternative, the value of the property being therein fixed at $1,400, entered in March, 1930.
In June, 1931, Hoeh, being still out of possession of the property, brought action on the bond; the bondsmen defaulted, and a default judgment was entered against them, but was thereafter set aside in an action brought for that purpose (see Kirby v. Hoeh, 94 Mont. 218, 21 P.2d 732); the sureties answered and as a separate defense alleged that, prior to the commencement of the action, they offered to return the property in substantially the condition in which it was when taken, but that the plaintiff refused to accept it, and failed and refused to designate any reasonable place to which it could be returned. At the close of the taking of testimony on the issue thus raised, the court directed the return of a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, and judgment was entered in his favor in the sum of $1,829.50, with costs. The defendants have appealed from the judgment, contending that the court erred in directing the verdict.
The question as to the correctness of the court's ruling must be determined by a consideration of the evidence, viewed in the light of the following well-established rules:
Where there is no conflict in the evidence and but one [1] conclusion can be drawn therefrom by reasonable men, the trial court may direct a verdict or withdraw the case from the jury. ( Quinlivan v. Brown Oil Co., 96 Mont. 147, 29 P.2d 374.)
The motion for a directed verdict is, in effect, a demurrer to [2] the evidence, and, in its consideration, every fact must be deemed proved which the case, made by the party against whom the motion is directed, tends to prove, and the case should not be taken from the jury unless it follows as a matter of law that such party cannot recover upon any view of the evidence, including the legitimate inferences to be drawn from it. ( Maki v. Murray Hospital, 91 Mont. 251, 7 P.2d 228; Autio v. Miller, 92 Mont. 150, 11 P.2d 1039; Pierce v. Safeway Stores, 93 Mont. 560, 20 P.2d 253; Exchange State Bank v. Occident Elevator Co., 95 Mont. 78, 24 P.2d 126, 90 A.L.R. 740.)
The evidence before the trial court was as follows: The defendant Kirby was not only a surety for Withers in the claim and delivery action, but also his copartner, and the partnership had included the drilling rig and boiler in a chattel mortgage to a third party in December, 1929, which mortgage remained in apparent force and effect until August 8, 1930. In July, 1930, W.M. Black, attorney for Hoeh in the claim and delivery action but not in the instant case, called Kirby to his office in Shelby to meet Hoeh. Kirby testified that at that time he offered to return "the machine," and Hoeh "offered to accept when I could show that there was no indebtedness against [it?] and then he refused to accept it, but that was later." Later he testified that he never thereafter talked with Hoeh. He stated that "there was nothing said about the place where the property should be delivered. There was not any conversation with reference to that; * * * he never told me where to deliver it. I have been able and willing ever since that offer was made to deliver that property to him and all of it."
Black, testifying for the defendants, stated that Hoeh agreed to accept the return of the rig but "was not entirely satisfied with the title at the time." Mr. Kirby represented to him that he would clear up the title and would make a good and sufficient bill of sale for the outfit. I believe he said he would deliver it immediately after the foreclosure of the chattel mortgage." The witness testified that the parties had some conversation with respect to the place where the rig should be returned, but that "that feature really escaped my recollection." Later he testified: "I don't remember that Kirby at that time asked Hoeh to designate a place for delivery." He further testified that there were certain "claims" against the property in addition to the chattel mortgage.
The property was sold on foreclosure of the chattel mortgage on August 8, 1930, and the purchaser executed a bill of sale thereof to Hoeh and delivered it to Black, who notified Hoeh and advised him that the purchaser had taken care of certain claims, which, in his opinion, "left your outfit in the clear." He further advised Hoeh that he could see "no possible way" that one Davis, evidently a claimant, could now make any claim against the property, and advised Hoeh to "have your machine and boiler moved onto your own premises somewhere as soon as possible." Hoeh answered by telegram, stating that he was not interested in the bill of sale and could "not afford to be there and move machinery and at their will."
After the title was cleared, if it was, nothing was done by the defendant Withers, or his bondsmen, other than to have the bill of sale delivered to Black; no offer to return the property was made, and no request was made of Hoeh that he designate a place where delivery could be made.
When an alternative judgment in a claim and delivery action [3, 5] has been entered against a plaintiff who has secured possession of the property pending the litigation, it is the duty of the plaintiff, if he would escape the penalty of his undertaking, to take active measures to redeliver the property to the defendant within a reasonable time, in the condition in which it was when taken. He must seek the defendant and tender the property to him, if it is readily capable of manual delivery; but, if it is so bulky as to render such action impractical, he may merely make a tender thereof, and, if the tender is rejected, his duty is discharged. (23 R.C.L. 903; Leeper, Graves Co. v. First Nat. Bank, 26 Okla. 707, 110 P. 655, Ann. Cas. 1912B, 302, 29 L.R.A. (n.s.) 747; Capital Lumbering Co. v. Learned, 36 Or. 544, 59 P. 454, 78 Am. St. Rep. 792.) However, if the party entitled thereto, accepts the offer to return the property, the party so tendering must ask him to appoint a place to which the property shall be delivered, and, if a reasonable place is designated, it is the duty of the plaintiff to deliver the property to the place designated. On the other hand, if the person to whom tender is made neglects or refuses to designate the place of return, or if the place designated is not a reasonable one, the person making it may himself select any suitable and reasonable place, with due regard to the convenience of the other, and delivery there, with notice to the other, will discharge the duty. ( Gans v. Woolfolk, 2 Mont. 458; Miles v. Roberts, 34 N.H. 245; Jarecki Mfg. Co. v. Fleming, 130 Okla. 95, 265 P. 628, 57 A.L.R. 802, and note; Lawer Auto Supply Co. v. Teton Auto Co., 41 Wyo. 263, 284 P. 1001, 67 A.L.R. 1492.)
Scanning the evidence above outlined, it will be seen that at the time of the alleged tender title to the property was clouded by a chattel mortgage and other claims. Section 9225, Revised Codes 1921, declares that "it is the duty of the party against whom such judgment [in claim and delivery action] shall be rendered to return the same in as good condition as the same was when possession thereof was taken by him." Under this provision the owner would not be required to take over his property with a lawsuit to clear his title thereto. The result of the only conversation held between Kirby and Hoeh was to hold the matter [6] in abeyance pending the clearing of the title. Neither then nor at any time thereafter did Kirby, or anyone bound with him for the return of the property, request Hoeh to designate a place of delivery, and when, not the property, but merely a bill of sale thereof, was delivered, Hoeh was advised that he could have the property wherever he could find it and move it himself to his own property. No duty rested upon him to do so. ( Ewald v. Boyd, 24 S.D. 16, 123 N.W. 66, 24 L.R.A. (n.s.) 739.) If it is contended that the delivery of the bill of sale constituted a second tender, it fell far short of constituting a legal tender.
The court did not err in directing the verdict. The judgment is affirmed.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE CALLAWAY and ASSOCIATE JUSTICES ANGSTMAN and STEWART concur.
MR. JUSTICE ANDERSON, being disqualified, takes no part in the foregoing decision.