Opinion
No. 5-5938
Opinion delivered June 19, 1972
1. GARNISHMENT — PROCEEDING TO PROCURE — COMPLIANCE WITH STATUTE, NECESSITY OF. — The issuance and service of a writ of garnishment summoning a garnishee to answer is a statutory requirement in any garnishment proceeding and strict compliance with garnishment statutes and judicial process is essential to the validity of such proceedings. [Ark. Stat. Ann. 31-501, 504 (Repl. 1962).]
2. GARNISHMENT — VACATING JUDGMENT — JURISDICTION OF PRINCIPAL ACTION, NECESSITY OF. — While it might be necessary for a defendant to allege and prove a meritorious defense in an action in which the court has jurisdiction of the subject matter before a judgment can be vacated, a garnishee cannot be held upon a garnishment then the court from which it is issued has no jurisdiction of the subject matter of the principal cause of action.
3. GARNISHMENT — PROCEEDINGS FOR ISSUANCE — JURISDICTION. — In the absence of a statute providing otherwise, only a court in which a judgment was rendered has authority to issue a garnishment thereon.
4. GARNISHMENT — ISSUANCE AFTER JUDGMENT — STATUTORY PROVISIONS. — Ark. Stat. Ann. 31-513 (Repl. 1962) authorizes the issuance of a garnishment by the circuit court of one county to another county, but there is no statute authorizing any other court to issue a garnishment after judgment.
5. APPEAL ERROR — JURISDICTION — REVIEW. — The question of jurisdiction of the subject matter is always open, cannot be waived and may be raised for the first time on appeal, even by the appellate court.
Appeal from Baxter Circuit Court, Harrell Simpson, Judge; affirmed.
R. David Lewis, for appellant.
No brief for appellee.
Appellant says that the Circuit Court of Baxter County erred in vacating a default judgment entered March 18, 1971, upon a garnishment purported to have been issued out of that court in a proceeding instituted by the filing of allegations and interrogatories only. The order vacating the judgment was entered on August 10, 1971, which was during the same term the judgment was entered. We find nothing in the record to indicate that any action was ever commenced in the Baxter Circuit Court. There is no record of any summons or writ of garnishment in the transcript or any statement or endorsement of the clerk that either was ever issued. The only evidence that any service of anything was had was the testimony of a deputy sheriff that he had served the complaint on Richard Morton as an officer of The Farms, Inc. One of the grounds of the motion of appellant to set aside the judgment was that there was no summons or return in the court file. Even if it were proper to conduct a garnishment proceeding as an independent action, there does not appear to have been any action pending in the Baxter Circuit Court. Ark. Stat. Ann. 27-301 (Repl. 1962); Walters v. Burnett, 228 Ark. 1064, 312 S.W.2d 344; Goodyear Tire Rubber Co. v. Meyer, 209 Ark. 383, 191 S.W.2d 826.
The issuance and service of a writ of garnishment summoning a garnishee to answer is a statutory requirement in any garnishment proceeding. Ark. Stat. Ann. 31-501, 504 (Repl. 1962). Strict compliance with garnishment statutes and judicial process is essential to the validity of garnishment proceedings. Roach v. Henry, 186 Ark. 884, 56 S.W.2d 577; Missouri Pac. R. Co. v. McLendon, 185 Ark. 204, 46 S.W.2d 626; Schiele v. Dillard, 94 Ark. 277, 126 S.W. 835.
Appellant argues, however, that since appellee did not allege or prove any meritorious defense to the action the judgment could not be vacated. This might well be so in an action in which the court had jurisdiction of the subject matter. A garnishee cannot be held upon a garnishment when the court from which it is issued has no jurisdiction of the subject matter of the principal cause of action. 5. A. Robertson Co. v. Lewis Rich Const. Co., 151 Ark. 557, 237 S.W. 95. In this case, appellant states that the judgment on which the garnishment was based had been obtained in Garland County. In the absence of a statute providing otherwise, only the court in which the judgment was rendered has authority to issue a garnishment thereon. The McGehee Bank of McGehee v. Charles W. Greeson Sons, 223 Ark. 18, 263 S.W.2d 901. Arkansas Statutes Annotated 31-513 (Repl. 1962) authorizes the issuance of a garnishment by the circuit court of one county to another county. We are not aware of any statute authorizing any other court to issue a garnishment after judgment. The question of jurisdiction of the subject matter is always open, cannot be waived and may be raised for the first time on appeal, even by this court. Catlett v. The Republican Party of Arkansas, 242 Ark. 283, 413 S.W.2d 651; Risor, Admx. v. Brown, 244 Ark. 663, 426 S.W.2d 810. See also, Arkansas Savings Loan Assn. Bd. v. Corning Savings Loan Assn., 252 Ark. 264, 478 S.W.2d 431.
The judgment vacating the default judgment against appellee is affirmed.