Opinion
A91A2117.
DECIDED NOVEMBER 22, 1991.
Obstruction of officer. Coweta State Court. Before Judge Thornton.
Glover Davis, R. Keith Prater, for appellant.
John H. Cranford, Solicitor, for appellee.
Defendant was convicted of knowingly obstructing a law enforcement officer in the lawful discharge of his official duties, a misdemeanor. This appeal comes after the denial of defendant's motion for a new trial. Held:
1. Following a fatal shooting in East Newnan, Georgia, by a Coweta County deputy sheriff, the Coweta County Sheriff's Department attempted to secure the scene of the shooting. A large crowd, including relatives of the deceased, made their way to the scene, shouting obscenities at the officers. Defendant, a cousin of the deceased, arrived and, along with several others, "continued to stir the crowd up." Defendant was told by several deputy sheriffs to leave the scene on several occasions.
One deputy, Lt. Kinsey, testified that his efforts to seal off the scene were hindered by defendant and the crowd. He warned defendant that he would be arrested if he did not leave. Defendant would leave, only to return again. When defendant returned to the scene for the third time, he was arrested.
"`In order to prove obstruction of an officer, there must be some evidence of forcible resistance or opposition to the officer in the performance of his duties.' Samples v. State, 151 Ga. App. 179 ( 259 S.E.2d 178) (1979). Whether the actions of a defendant actually had the effect of hindering or impeding the officer is a decision for the trier of fact. Sapp v. State, 179 Ga. App. 614 (1) ( 347 S.E.2d 354) (1986). We hold that the evidence in the present case was sufficient to enable a rational trier of fact to find [defendant] guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the offense of obstructing an officer. See generally Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560) (1979)." Patterson v. State, 191 Ga. App. 359 ( 381 S.E.2d 754).
2. Defendant contends the trial court should have granted a motion for mistrial which was made in the midst of the solicitor's opening argument. In this connection, defendant asserts the solicitor told the jury that he would not be prosecuting defendant if he did not have enough evidence to sustain a conviction. We find this contention to be without merit inasmuch as it is not supported by the record.
3. Defendant contends the trial court erred in permitting the deputies to give "hearsay" testimony regarding the sheriff's orders to disperse. Even if it can be said that the testimony constituted hearsay, but see OCGA § 24-3-3 and Waller v. State, 80 Ga. App. 488, 491 ( 56 S.E.2d 491), the deputies themselves testified that they ordered the crowd and defendant to leave the scene. Accordingly, we find no harmful error. "[T]he admission of evidence, even if erroneous, is not harmful where substantially similar facts are shown either by the defendant ... or by other evidence, unobjected to. [Cits.]" Waters v. State, 122 Ga. App. 808, 809 (3), 810 ( 178 S.E.2d 770).
4. During direct examination, Lt. Kinsey testified that another person arrested at the scene "plead guilty in this ..." When defendant moved for a mistrial, the trial court admonished the jury: "Ladies and gentlemen, Officer Kinsey stated or made a reference to the fact that one or two others plead guilty to a similar offense. I'm going to instruct you not to consider what happened to somebody else or what somebody else might have done as far as any charge against them. So I'll instruct you not to consider that in your deliberations in this case." Thereupon, the motion for a mistrial was renewed and overruled. Defendant contends the trial court erred in overruling his motion for a mistrial. We disagree.
We recognize that "a guilty plea of a joint offender is not admissible in evidence at the trial of another joint offender. Gray v. State, 13 Ga. App. 374, 375 ( 79 S.E. 223) (1913); Hayes v. State, 136 Ga. App. 746 (1) ( 222 S.E.2d 193) (1975); Neal v. State, 160 Ga. App. 834, 837 (3) ( 228 S.E.2d 241) (1982); Foster v. State, 178 Ga. App. 478, 479 (1) ( 343 S.E.2d 745) (1986). As pointed out in Foster, the cases which apply this rule of inadmissibility rely upon [OCGA] § 24-3-52 and ... upon the consequent irrelevancy or incompetency of that guilty plea as proof of the guilt of the defendant on trial, and hold that the plea cannot be used as substantive evidence against him." Mindock v. State, 187 Ga. App. 508, 509 ( 370 S.E.2d 670). Accord Boatwright v. State, 193 Ga. App. 141, 142 (2) ( 387 S.E.2d 386). Reversal is not required, however, where a joint offender's guilty plea is admitted with instructions that it is not to be used as evidence of defendant's guilt. Greer v. State, 188 Ga. App. 808 ( 374 S.E.2d 337); Foster v. State, supra.
"The trial court has broad discretion in fashioning a remedy to alleviate a problem created by the utterance of inadmissible evidence, and its exercise may not be reversed unless abused." Whiteley v. State, 188 Ga. App. 129, 130 ( 372 S.E.2d 296). Responding to defendant's motion for a mistrial, the trial court unequivocally instructed the jury that it was not to consider evidence of a joint offender's guilty plea.
"The trial court's role, in considering a mistrial, is to determine if such `is essential to the preservation of the right to a fair trial, ...' [Cits.]" Whiteley v. State, 188 Ga. App. 129, 131, supra. Was the trial court's curative instruction sufficient to provide defendant with a fair trial?
"We cannot say that, as a matter of law, the curative instructions were insufficient in this case to ameliorate the making of the statement which was promptly expelled from evidence. We do not assume that the jury could not or did not abide by the judge's instructions. They were given immediately after the gratuitous statement was made by the witness...
"While we agree that any law enforcement officer ... should be apprised and apprise himself of the rules in connection with his testimony and abide by them, the law does not require a mistrial when one is breached. Whether it was a deliberate and conscious disregard in this case was not found by the trial judge, and on review we cannot make original findings or assume facts. We cannot ascertain from the record the manner in which it was said or the inflections and other facets of the excised communication....
"Even if it was uttered with a sinister motive, a mistrial would not be required, because the question is one of fair trial...." Whiteley v. State, 188 Ga. App. 129, 131, supra. It cannot be said the trial court abused its discretion in the case sub judice by fashioning a remedy short of a mistrial.
Judgment affirmed. Sognier, C. J., and Andrews, J., concur.