Opinion
Case No. 08-4097-JAR.
January 22, 2009
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Before the Court are motions to dismiss filed by defendants: President George W. Bush and Department of Homeland Security (Doc. 10); Kansas Medical Mutual Insurance Company ("KaMMCO") (Doc. 39); and Catherine Mitchell, Roger Thomas and Tanglewood Family Medical, P.A. (Doc. 42). Defendants Beck, Wichita Clinic P.A., Wilson, Wesbrook, Reed and Porter filed timely answers but have not filed motions to dismiss. Nonetheless, because the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, this action is dismissed in its entirety.
President Bush's term of office expired on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was sworn in as President.
Default
Plaintiff has failed to timely respond to the motion to dismiss filed by defendants Catherine Mitchell, Roger Thomas and Tanglewood Family Medical, P.A. She has, however, responded to KaMMCO's motion to dismiss. Under D. Kan. Rule 6.1(d)(2), a response to a motion to dismiss must be filed within 23 days of the initial motion to dismiss, and such 23 days has long since passed. For that reason alone, the motion of these defendants is properly granted; nonetheless the Court will address the merits of the motion.
Plaintiff has also failed to timely respond to the motion to dismiss filed by defendants President Bush and Department of Homeland Security. Instead, on December 4, 2008, Plaintiff filed a Motion for Default Judgment (Doc. 46) claiming that she never received the motion to dismiss filed by defendants President Bush and Homeland Security. Even if Plaintiff never received that motion, the Court found no basis for the extraordinary relief of granting a default judgment against these defendants. Moreover, it is clear from her reference to their motion to dismiss, that by December 4, 2008, Plaintiff was on notice that these defendants had filed a motion to dismiss. She did not file a response within 23 days after December 4. Nor did Plaintiff file a response within 23 days after the Court denied the Motion for Default Judgment in a text entry order on December 22 (Doc. 49). In fact, to date, Plaintiff has not responded. Unopposed motions are "considered and decided as an uncontested motion, and ordinarily will be granted without further notice."
D. Kan. R. 7.4.
Because plaintiff pursues her action pro se, the Court must remain mindful of additional considerations. "A pro se litigant's pleadings are to be construed liberally and held to a less stringent standard than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers." Thus, if a pro se plaintiff's complaint can reasonably be read "to state a valid claim on which the plaintiff could prevail, [the court] should do so despite the plaintiff's failure to cite proper legal authority, his confusion of various legal theories, his poor syntax and sentence construction, or his unfamiliarity with pleading requirements." However, it is not "the proper function of the district court to assume the role of advocate for the pro se litigant." For that reason, the court should not "construct arguments or theories for the plaintiff in the absence of any discussion of those issues," nor should it "supply additional factual allegations to round out a plaintiff's complaint or construct a legal theory on plaintiff's behalf." Pro se plaintiffs are subject to procedural rules, such as deadlines to respond to dispositive motions.
Although many of plaintiff's assertions are frivolous and rationally beyond belief, because plaintiff paid the filing fee and did not seek in forma pauperis status, the Court may not dismiss this case pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915.
Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991) (citing Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21 1972)).
Id.
Id.
Drake v. City of Fort Collins, 927 F.2d 1156, 1159 (10th Cir. 1991) (citing Dunn v. White, 880 F.2d 1188, 1197 (10th Cir. 1989)).
Whitney v. State of N.M., 113 F.3d 1170, 1173-74 (10th Cir. 1997) (citing Hall, 935 F.2d at 1110).
Plaintiff's Complaint
Plaintiff's Complaint asserts a number of state law claims against all the defendants: Civil Conspiracy/Collusion; Fraud by Commission; Fraud by Omission; Misrepresentation/Concealment; Intentional Fraud; Negligence/Medical Malpractice; Gross Negligence; Detrimental Reliance; Wrongful Death (all defendants except Dr. Reed, Dr. Porter and KaMMCO); and Outrageous Conduct Causing Severe Emotional Distress Wrongful Death/Outrageous Government Conduct (TORT OF OUTRAGE).
Plaintiff's Complaint also asserts a number of constitutional claims against all the defendants, for violation of Plaintiff's rights under the Fourth and Fifth Amendments. It asserts a claim for violation of her Sixth Amendment rights against defendants President Bush and Homeland Security only. And, it asserts a claim for Violation of the Foreign Intelligence Act of 1978.
Plaintiff's Complaint expressly incorporated by reference "all of the facts in her previous case (No. 07 CV 2970) filed in the Eighteenth Judicial District Court, District Court of Sedgwick County, Kansas, which was dismissed on February 20, 2008." Despite incorporating "the facts" in that case, plaintiff did not provide to this Court, the petition or any other records from that case. Plaintiff's Complaint further states that after her "first lawsuit," (Case No. 01C0771), she came to suspect that "the government" had tampered with evidence, as well as brought false charges against her fourteen year old son to try to get her to drop the suit. After the charges were brought against her son, plaintiff sought assistance from several federal, state and local officials; all declined, stating that it was a "legal matter." In late 2002, plaintiff sent copies of her appeal from her first lawsuit to President Bush, the FBI, and the SEC, but only received a canned response. In the years to follow, more "frivolous" charges were brought against plaintiff's son in retaliation for her prior lawsuits, causing she and her son to suffer severe mental anguish.
In a violation of Fed.R.Civ.P. 8, plaintiff refers the Court to her website, www.assocforhonestattys.com, so that the Court may read her former complaints and incorporate the allegations the Court believes to be relevant to her present suit.
While hospitalized for surgery in 2006, plaintiff learned from a nurse that many hospital employees are hired on contract. Plaintiff inexplicably surmised from this that these hospital employees could be easily influenced; and inexplicably this led Plaintiff to conclude that "President Bush had issued a National Security Letter (NSL) against her and had influenced doctors to intentionally botch up her surgery so she would die."
The Complaint goes on to allege that government officials wanted plaintiff to die in order to stop her fight for justice, and that President Bush and other government officials utilized hospital personnel to keep Plaintiff under surveillance, to "remove her body parts unnecessarily," and "possibly cause her 'accidental' death." All of these actions by government officials "contributed to the wrongful death of Mrs. Heffington's husband, Mark Heffington, from a sudden heart attack on March 23, 2006." Further, "[s]he continues to be unlawfully persecuted and/or unjustly treated by the government, President Bush, and local/state/national government actors — except for Senator Barack Obama."
Notably, the Complaint fails to state that KaMMCO engaged in any of these activities, except for "Negligence/Medical Malpractice" in its "failure .^.^. to offer a settlement to resolve this matter prior to litigation." The Complaint further asserts that KaMMCO "had a duty to offer a settlement to plaintiff before litigation ensued."
Legal Standards-Rule 12(b)(1)
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
Paper, Allied-Indus., Chem. Energy Workers Intern. Union v. Cont'l Carbon Co., 428 F.3d 1285, 1292 (10th Cir. 2005).
Id.
Id.
Holt v. United States, 46 F.3d 1000, 1003 (10th Cir. 1995).
28 U.S.C. § 1331.
Nicodemus v. Union Pacific Corp., 440 F.3d 1227, 1232 (quoting Morris v. City of Hobart, 39 F.3d 1105, 1111 (10th Cir. 1994)).
United States ex rel. Stone v. Rockwell Int'l Corp., 282 F.3d 787, 797 (10th Cir. 2002).
Id. at 798.
Since federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, there is a strong presumption against federal jurisdiction. A court lacking subject matter jurisdiction "must dismiss the cause at any stage of the proceeding in which it becomes apparent that such jurisdiction is lacking." "When a defendant brings a Rule 12(b)(1) motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, the plaintiff must carry the burden of proving jurisdiction."
Penteco Corp. Ltd. Partnership 1985A v. Union Gas System, Inc., 929 F.2d 1519, 1521 (10th Cir. 1991).
Basso v. Utah Power Light Co., 495 F.2d 906, 909 (10th Cir. 1974) (citations omitted).
Mounkes v. Conklin, 922 F. Supp. 1501, 1505 (D. Kan. 1996) (citing Richmond, Fredericksburg Potomac R. Co. v. United States, 945 F.2d 765, 768 (4th Cir. 1991)).
Claims against President Bush
Tort Claims against the United States, Department of Homeland Security
See Forrester v. White, 484 U.S. 219, 225 (1988).
Dahl v. United States, 319 F.3d 1226, 1228 (10th Cir. 2003) (citing Fed. Deposit Ins. Corp. v. Meyer, 510 U.S. 471, 475 (1994)).
United States v. Dalm, 494 U.S. 596, 608 (1990); United States v. Orleans, 425 U.S. 807, 813 (1976).
See, i.e., United States v. Mitchell, 445 U.S. 535, 538 (1980) (finding that the Tucker Act does not create any substantive right enforceable against he United States for money damages).
Marcus v. Kan. Dep't of Revenue, 170 F.3d 1305, 1309 (10th Cir. 1999) ("Because the jurisdiction of federal courts is limited, 'there is a presumption against our jurisdiction, and the party invoking federal jurisdiction bears the burden of proof.'") (citations omited).
See Dahl v. United States, 319 F.3d 1226, 1228 (10th Cir. 2003); Casias v. United States, 532 F.2d 1339, 1340 (10th Cir. 1976).
Constitutional Claims against United States, Department of Homeland Security
Constitutional Claims against KaMMCO and other non-governmental defendants[fn32]
Bivens Fourth FifthSixth 42 U.S.C. § 1983
Atkinson v. O'Neill, 867 F.2d 589, 590 (10th Cir. 1989).
In Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Fed. Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388, 395-97 (1971), the Supreme Court held that plaintiffs may seek damages from federal officials in their individual capacities for violations of the Fourth Amendment. Since Bivens, Courts have characterized additional constitutional claims against federal officials as Bivens claims. See, e.g., Carlson v. Green, 466 U.S. 14, 18 (1980) (recognizing a Bivens action for Eighth Amendment violations). A plaintiff may not establish liability under Bivens against a federal official in his official capacity. Simmat v. United States Bureau of Prisons, 413 F.3d 1225, 1231 (10th Cir. 2005). The Tenth Circuit has explained that "an official-capacity suit contradicts the very nature of a Bivens action" and that "[t]here is no such animal as a Bivens suit against a very nature of a Bivens action" and that "[t]here is no such animal as a Bivens suit against a public official tortfeasor in his or her official capacity." Farmer v. Perrill, 275 F.3d 958, 963 (10th Cir. 2001). Instead, an action against a federal official in his official capacity is construed as an action against the United States. Id.
Elrod v. Swanson, 478 F. Supp. 2d 1252, 1270 (D. Kan. 2007) (citations omitted).
Anderson v. Suiters, 499 F.3d 1228, 1232-33 (10th Cir. 2007).
Tort Claims against KaMMCO and other non-governmental defendants
As discussed above, the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over the claims against the federal government defendants, as well as the constitutional claims against all other defendants. With respect to the remaining tort claims against KaMMCO and the other non-governmental defendants, the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction as well.
Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, able to adjudicate only those cases which the Constitution and Congress authorize. Federal judicial power derives from and is absolutely limited by Article III, § 2 of the Constitution. There are essentially three bases for federal jurisdiction: federal question; diversity; or as expressed in Article III, § 2, and 28 U.S.C. §§ 1345- 1346, cases in which the United States is a party. The absence of subject matter jurisdiction may be raised by the court sua sponte.
Ankenbrandt v. Richards, 504 U.S. 689, 696-697 (1992).
U.S. Const. III, § 2.
Mansfield, C. L.M. Ry. Co. v. Swan, 111 U.S. 379, 382 (1884); Williams v. Life Sav. Loan, 802 F.2d 1200, 1202 (10th Cir. 1986). See also Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(h)(3).
The tort claims against these defendants do not fall within federal question jurisdiction, which exists for all claims "arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States." And, Plaintiff has failed to state or show that there is diversity jurisdiction. Indeed, the doctors and medical practices are Kansas residents, just as Plaintiff is. There being no subject matter jurisdiction of these claims, and no subject matter jurisdiction of any other of Plaintiff's myriad of claims, the Court dismisses this action in its entirety. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED THAT the motions to dismiss by defendants President George W. Bush and Department of Homeland Security (Doc. 10); defendant KaMMCO (Doc. 39); and defendants Catherine Mitchell, Roger Thomas and Tanglewood Family Medical P.A. (Doc. 42) are GRANTED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, as determined by the Court sua sponte, the claims against defendants Beck, Wilson, Wesbrook, Reed, Porter and Wichita Clinic, P.A. are DISMISSED. IT IS THUS ORDERED that THIS ACTION IS DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
Plaintiff's burden to prove the presence of jurisdiction applies equally to jurisdiction based on diversity of citizenship. Crowley v. Glaze, 710 F.2d 676, 678 (10th Cir. 1983); Basso v. Utah Power Light Co., 495 F.2d 906, 909 (10th Cir. 1974).
In view of the lack of subject matter jurisdiction on the grounds discussed thus far, the Court will not address defendants' argument that this action is barred under principles of res judicata or collateral estoppel, although these appear to be additional grounds for dismissal.