Opinion
No. 137402.
December 2, 2009.
Appeal from the reported below: 280 Mich App 439.
Summary Disposition.
I respectfully dissent from the order denying defendants' application for leave to appeal. Because the split decision in Petersen v Magna Corp, 484 Mich 300 (2009), failed to provide a workable standard concerning the circumstances under which a magistrate "may" prorate attorney fees, I would remand this case to the Court of Appeals to consider defendants' argument that the award of an attorney fee on unpaid medical benefits was erroneous.
MCL 418.315(1) provides that "[t]he worker's compensation magistrate may prorate attorney fees at the contingent fee rate paid by the employee." In Petersen, a majority of this Court merely agreed on the result: workers' compensation magistrates may prorate attorney fees among employers and their insurance carriers. The five opinions did not offer a controlling rationale. Moreover, the five separate opinions in Petersen do not establish a standard agreed on by a majority of justices under which workers' compensation magistrates may exercise their discretionary authority in the first instance. Petersen merely tells us that a magistrate "may prorate" attorney fees but that an award is not automatic. See Petersen, supra at 309 (opinion of KELLY, C.J.) ("Hence, magistrates are allowed to award attorney fees, but they are not required to do so."). Consequently, Petersen, does not explain how magistrates could abuse their discretion in awarding attorney fees, much less specify how magistrates may exercise their discretion.
In MCL 418.315(1), the Legislature differentiated between magistrates' discretionary authority to prorate attorney fees and their manda-tory duty to order reimbursement for reasonable medical expenses that an employer fails, neglects, or refuses to pay. See MCL 418.315(1) ("If the employer fails, neglects, or refuses so to do, the employee shall be reimbursed for the reasonable expense paid by the employee, or payment may be made in behalf of the employee to persons to whom the unpaid expenses may be owing, by order of the worker's compensation magistrate."). Accordingly, MCL 418.315(1) mandates reimbursement for medical bills that the employer does not pay. In contrast, the award of attorney fees under MCL 418.315(1) is discretionary. Because the award of attorney fees is a discretionary determination, magistrates presumably must make some additional finding before exercising their authority. Yet neither Petersen nor the statutory language assists a workers' compensation magistrate in determining whether to exercise that discretionary authority in a given case.
The dearth of guidance from this Court concerning the standard under which a magistrate may exercise discretion under MCL 418.315(1) will continue to confound members of the bench and bar. In this case, for example, defendants challenge the award of attorney fees when payment was delayed for approximately three months because of typical processing lags and plaintiffs failure to submit evidence in a timely manner. Defendants contend that the magistrate abused his discretion in awarding attorney fees under the unique facts of this case. Assuming arguendo that a three-month delay is an appropriate circumstance for the magistrate to have exercised his discretionary authority, it remains unclear whether the magistrate would necessarily have reached the same result if payment had been delayed for two months or two weeks. Similarly, it is unclear what additional factors would be relevant to the magistrate's discretionary determinatio'n. Indeed, the lack of any workable standard complicates the appellate review of such awards as well because a reviewing court has no meaningful basis to consider whether a magistrate abused his discretion in awarding attorney fees.
Because Petersen failed to resolve these issues, I would remand this case to the Court of Appeals for reconsideration of defendants' argument that the award of an attorney fee on unpaid medical benefits was erroneous. Specifically, I would order the Court of Appeals to consider whether the workers' compensation magistrate made sufficient findings and offered adequate analysis to show that he engaged in a proper exercise of discretion in requiring defendants to pay attorney fees under MCL 418.315(1). See Petersen, supra at 310, 335-336. Moreover, I would ask the Court of Appeals to address defendants' argument that the magistrate erred by awarding attorney fees on medical bills that plaintiff failed to prove were not diligently paid after defendants received notice of them. Unless this Court or the Court of Appeals clarifies the standard under which a magistrate may exercise discretion, the award of attorney fees under MCL 418.315(1) will become automatic. Plainly, the Legislature did not authorize the automatic assessment of attorney fees.
Accordingly, I would remand this case to the Court of Appeals to consider defendants' argument that the award of an attorney fee on unpaid medical benefits was erroneous.
YOUNG and MARKMAN, JJ., join the statement of CORRIGAN, J.