Opinion
(June Term, 1860.)
Where general letters of administration were granted, in ignorance of the existence of a will, which was afterwards produced and proven, a delay of such administrator to prosecute a claim due the estate, after he had been informed of the existence of the will, and before its production and probate, during which delay the debtor became insolvent and the debt lost, it is not such negligence as to subject such administrator to its payment.
PETITION for the recovery of a legacy, tried before Howard, J., at last term of CRAVEN.
Green for plaintiffs.
J. W. Bryan and J. H. Haughton for defendant.
The matter was referred to a commissioner to state an account of the estate in the hands of the administrator with the will annexed, and the only question in the case arises on an exception to the report as to the charge of $731.50, due by a note on an individual, who became insolvent before the defendant qualified as administrator with the will annexed. The defendant had previously taken out letters of administration without knowing of the existence of a will, which was in the hands of a gentleman resident in a distant State. Soon after his qualification he was informed that there was a will, and was advised not to do any further act of administration. This course he pursued, and the will, at the end of the year, was brought forward and proved, but the executor named renounced, and the defendant took the administration with the will annexed. The will was brought forward the earliest convenient day. The insolvency of the debtor occurred during this delay.
His Honor being of opinion with the plaintiff, overruled the exception, and gave judgment for the plaintiff, from which the defendant appealed.
We are of the opinion the exception to the commissioner's report in respect to the note of $731.50, ought to have been sustained. The facts appear to be that at December term of Craven County Court, 1856, a general administration of the estate of (440) Ishman Jackson was granted to the defendant. A short time after, and before the next court, it was ascertained that the supposed intestate had left a will. The will, from unavoidable causes, was not proved until December, 1857, administration having been in the meantime suspended. The executor renounced, and administration with the will annexed was then granted to the defendant, and thereafter he proceeded to administer the estate with proper diligence. The question raised by the exception is whether a failure on the part of the defendant to proceed in the administration after he was informed of the existence of the will, whereby the note of $731.50 was lost, was official negligence, making the defendant responsible for it.
The contingency upon which the proper court in our State is authorized to grant general administration of an estate is when no appointment or disposition of his estate has been made by the deceased himself. It is intestacy that gives power to the court. Hence, we find it well settled that such letters, improvidently granted upon an assumed intestacy (which assumption turns out to be incorrect) is void. 1 Williams Exrs., 367.
It is true that the granting of general letters is a judicial decision that there is a case of intestacy, and it might not be possible for one by any competent evidence to resist the effect of this conclusion until there shall be an express repeal of the letters or until there shall be an implied abrogation by an opposite judicial sentence; yet it is equally true that upon a judicial ascertainment that it is a case of testacy, and not of intestacy, the letters and acts of the administrator became null and void. Mitchell v. Adams, 23 N.C. 302; Slade v. Washburn, 25 N.C. 562.
In view of this, it would be unreasonable to require of an officer to proceed in an administration with certain defeats and penalties before him. He is surely at liberty to anticipate events, and to act upon the conceded fact that there is a will, and upon the further (441) reasonable and proper expectation that it will not be suppressed, but brought forward in due time. The fact of the actual probate of the will, and the consequent repeal of his letters, justifies the previous suspension of his duties.
Our conclusion, then, is that when general letters are granted in ignorance of the existence of a will, but of the existence of which the administrator has information a few weeks after the grant, and when, in point of fact, the will is subsequently produced and proved, the loss of a debt by the omission of the administrator to act under his letters in the interval between the granting of them and the probate of the will is not negligence so as to subject him to its payment. The exception should be sustained, the account reformed in this respect, and a decree for the balance.
PER CURIAM. Reversed.