Opinion
2015-05-08
Dawn HARRISON, Plaintiff–Respondent, v. SAMARITAN MEDICAL CENTER, Defendant–Appellant.
Harris Beach PLLC, Pittsford (Daniel J. Moore of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Abdella Law Offices, Gloversville (J. David Burke of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Respondent.
Harris Beach PLLC, Pittsford (Daniel J. Moore of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Abdella Law Offices, Gloversville (J. David Burke of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Respondent.
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., CENTRA, PERADOTTO, VALENTINO, and WHALEN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Plaintiff commenced this action seeking to recover damages for, inter alia, false arrest and false imprisonment, malicious prosecution, breach of contract, and tortious interference with contract. According to plaintiff, she was arrested, criminally charged, incarcerated, and lost her job as a traveling nurse employed by a staffing agency after employees of defendant hospital falsely accused her of diverting prescription medications. The criminal charges were presented to a grand jury, which returned a “no bill.” Defendant made a pre-answer motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a cause of action pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) “or, in the alternative, for summary judgment pursuant to CPLR 3212.” Supreme Court denied the motion in part, and defendant appeals.
Initially, we agree with plaintiff that defendant's request for summary judgment was premature. As a general matter, “ ‘[a] court may not entertain a motion for summary judgment prior to joinder of issue’ ” ( Pitts v. City of Buffalo, 298 A.D.2d 1003, 1004, 749 N.Y.S.2d 343; seeCPLR 3212[a] ), and here it cannot be said that both parties “deliberately charted a summary judgment course” inasmuch as plaintiff contended in opposition to the motion that she was entitled to an opportunity to conduct discovery ( LMIII Realty, LLC v. Gemini Ins. Co., 90 A.D.3d 1520, 1521–1522, 935 N.Y.S.2d 412; see Pilatich v. Town of New Baltimore, 100 A.D.3d 1248, 1249–1250, 954 N.Y.S.2d 663).
We reject defendant's contention that the court erred in denying that part of its motion seeking dismissal of the first cause of action, for false arrest and false imprisonment. “[W]hen reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211, we must accept as true the facts as alleged in the complaint and submissions in opposition to the motion, accord plaintiff[ ] the benefit of every favorable inference and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory” ( Williams v. Beemiller, Inc., 100 A.D.3d 143, 148, 952 N.Y.S.2d 333, amended on rearg. 103 A.D.3d 1191, 962 N.Y.S.2d 834 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Leon v. Martinez, 84 N.Y.2d 83, 87–88, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511). Although liability for false arrest and false imprisonment generally will not be imposed where a civilian complainant merely furnishes information to law enforcement authorities rather than taking “ ‘an active role in the [arrest] of the plaintiff, such as giving advice and encouragement or importuning the authorities to act’ ... with the intent that [the] plaintiff be confined” ( lowmack v. eckerD corp., 303 A.d.2d 998, 999, 757 n.Y.S.2D 406; see Oszustowicz v. Admiral Ins. Brokerage Corp., 49 A.D.3d 515, 516, 853 N.Y.S.2d 584), we conclude that the complaint and plaintiff's submissions in opposition to defendant's motion here sufficiently allege that defendant's employees made false statements to investigators with the intent of having plaintiff be arrested and confined ( see D'Amico v. Correctional Med. Care, Inc., 120 A.D.3d 956, 961, 991 N.Y.S.2d 687).
We agree with defendant, however, that the court erred in denying those parts of its motion seeking dismissal of plaintiff's second and fourth causes of action, and we therefore modify the order accordingly. With respect to the second cause of action, alleging malicious prosecution, plaintiff did not sufficiently allege that defendant acted with actual malice, i.e., with “ ‘a wrong or improper motive, something other than a desire to see the ends of justice served’ ” ( Zetes v. Stephens, 108 A.D.3d 1014, 1016, 969 N.Y.S.2d 298; see Nardelli v. Stamberg, 44 N.Y.2d 500, 502–503, 406 N.Y.S.2d 443, 377 N.E.2d 975), or “awareness of conscious falsity” ( Santoro v. Town of Smithtown, 40 A.D.3d 736, 738, 835 N.Y.S.2d 658 [internal quotation marks omitted] ). To the extent that the fourth cause of action alleges breach of contract, the record establishes that plaintiff did not have a contractual relationship with defendant ( see LaBarte v. Seneca Resources Corp., 285 A.D.2d 974, 975, 728 N.Y.S.2d 618; see also Siskin v. Cassar, 122 A.D.3d 714, 717, 997 N.Y.S.2d 86), and that she was not an intended third-party beneficiary of her employer's contract with defendant ( see Rosenheck v. Calcam Assoc., 233 A.D.2d 553, 555, 649 N.Y.S.2d 247; cf. Logan–Baldwin v. L.S.M. Gen. Contrs., Inc., 94 A.D.3d 1466, 1467–1468, 942 N.Y.S.2d 718). To the extent that the fourth cause of action alleges tortious interference with contract, plaintiff did not sufficiently allege that defendant knew of her contract with her employer and intentionally procured her employer's breach thereof ( see Ferrandino & Son, Inc. v. Wheaton Bldrs., Inc., LLC, 82 A.D.3d 1035, 1036, 920 N.Y.S.2d 123; see generally Ferraro v. Finger Lakes Racing Assn., 182 A.D.2d 1072, 1072, 583 N.Y.S.2d 66).
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by granting those parts of defendant's motion seeking dismissal of the second and fourth causes of action, and as modified the order is affirmed without costs.