Opinion
June 19, 1924.
Leopold Freiman, for the appellant.
Abraham M. Fisch, for the respondent.
The complaint alleges in substance that one Gutman owned premises which had been leased to the defendant with an option to Gutman to cancel the lease on giving a prescribed notice and paying a certain bonus; that such notice was given; that Gutman thereupon conveyed to the plaintiff who agreed with Gutman to pay defendant the stipulated bonus; that subsequently plaintiff agreed to give defendant a new lease on the premises on condition that defendant would release Gutman from the claim for the bonus; that thereafter defendant nevertheless sued Gutman for the bonus and recovered judgment which plaintiff thereupon, in accordance with his agreement, paid Gutman and now seeks to recover from defendant.
The defense objected to is couched in rather general terms and states a number of conclusions of law to which as such, however, no objection is taken. It recites in substance that in the present defendant's suit against Gutman the issues were the same as the ones presented by the present complaint, namely, whether defendant had agreed with the plaintiff to release Gutman from the claim for the bonus "and that at the said trial the present plaintiff testified in favor of Gutman." There is no allegation that plaintiff took any part whatsoever in the trial except as a witness, nor any allegation that Gutman gave any notice to plaintiff of the previous suit or "vouched it in." The application of the doctrine of res adjudicata, beyond the immediate parties to the previous adjudication, prescribes that the third party must be either privy to, or have the right to control the conduct of, the litigation or have been vouched in or perhaps have taken some open and notoriously active part in the actual conduct of the litigation. St. John v. Fowler, 229 N.Y. 270, 274; Fish v. Vanderlip, 218 id. 29, and cases there cited. In the cases cited by respondent the parties concluded were generally those who had been notified by an immediate party to take part in the litigation; and in Gallo v. Brooklyn Savings Bank, 199 N.Y. 222, the matter of prior adjudication is discussed merely arguendo, the actual decision being on the merits. The respondent, of course, is unable to point to any cases in which a person not immediately interested in the contract or transaction between the previous litigants and not vouched in, in some way has been held to be concluded by the prior decision.
Order reversed, with ten dollars costs, and motion granted, with ten dollars costs.
All concur; present, BIJUR, MULLAN and LEVY, JJ.
Order reversed.