Summary
In Hand v. Newton (92 N.Y. 88) the Court of Appeals held that these patents vested in the towns the land under water in the bays and harbors included within the bounds of the patent.
Summary of this case from People v. Trustees, Etc., Town of BrookhavenOpinion
Argued March 13, 1883
Decided March 27, 1883
Clifford A.H. Bartlett for appellant. Thos. S. Strong for respondent.
The plaintiff's title rests upon two ancient patents granted to the inhabitants and freeholders of the town of Brookhaven. These patents, one dated 1666 and the other 1686, granted to the inhabitants and freeholders of the town of Brookhaven the lands under the water in the bays and harbors, included within the bounds of the patents, and the exclusive right to the oyster fisheries therein. The land upon which the alleged trespass was committed is included within the boundaries of these charters. In the case of Trustees of Brookhaven v. Strong ( 60 N.Y. 56), it was held, "That by the common law the king had the right to grant the soil under water and with it the exclusive right of fishery, and that a grant by the Colonial Government, confirmed by subsequent legislation, conveyed an exclusive right to the oyster fishery," and the right of the plaintiff to sue for taking oysters, within the limits of the patent, was sustained. The trustees have exercised the power conferred upon them, by the grants in question, by various acts from the time of said grants and in later years by leasing the bottom of the bay for raising oysters. It must, therefore, be assumed that the title to the land was in the town and we are unable to perceive upon what ground it can be maintained that the trustees were not entitled to lease the oyster beds, lying on the land under water, for the purpose of raising oysters under the power conferred by the grants in question.
That the land in question in this action was a part of a natural oyster bed cannot, we think, make any difference. The town had a right to lease the land whether natural oysters were growing thereon or otherwise under the decision cited.
This principle is also fully upheld in the case of Robins v. Ackerly recently decided in this court. In view of these decisions the question as to the right of the town to lease the land under water for oyster beds and to control and dispose of the same must be regarded as res adjudicata, and under the decisions it is very manifest that the right to the plaintiff must be upheld unless a case is made out which is excepted from the operation and effect of the principle established by the cases cited. There is nothing in this case that vests a common right in the defendant, by user or otherwise, or by non-user or abandonment on the part of the board of trustees to take oysters, nor was there any question of fact for the jury to pass upon in this respect. The appellant claims that the lease by the trustees to the plaintiff does not include the natural oyster bed in controversy because it was not the intention of the trustees to lease such oyster lots. This claim is based upon the resolution of the trustees passed in 1871 by which it was declared "it is not and has not been the intention of the trustees to lease oyster lots on ground where oysters are naturally growing," etc., and that for this reason the lease in question was invalid. This position is not maintainable. Although the resolution referred to had been adopted no reason existed why the trustees had not the right and the power to change their action and to execute a lease for the land under water where oysters naturally grew. The resolution merely declared that it had not been and was not the intention of the trustees to lease lands where oysters naturally grew, and that in future applications the lots should be examined before letting at the expense of the applicant. The resolution was not, therefore, absolute in its terms, and it appears the examination was had pursuant to the resolution of the board of trustees before the granting of the lease to the plaintiff in this action. But a complete answer to the point is that on the 11th of September, 1880, and before the granting of the lease in question to the plaintiff, a resolution was passed by the board of trustees, by which the resolution of 1871 was repealed or modified, and under this resolution a lease was granted to the plaintiff of the lands under water, which are now in dispute, for the purpose of raising oysters. We think there was no legal objection to the last-named resolution, and that the trustees, in the exercise of their right to the land under water, were justified in changing the policy, which had been indicated by the previous resolution. There is no law which prohibited such action, and the last resolution must be considered as superseding the former one and as conferring a perfect right and title to the plaintiff in this action to the oyster beds in question.
The case of Averill v. Hull, decided in Connecticut in 1870, cited by the appellant's counsel, we think has no application and is not in point. We have considered all the points and suggestions made by the appellant, and we do not find in any of them sufficient ground for a reversal of the judgment, which should be affirmed, with costs.
All concur.
Judgment affirmed.