Summary
holding the evidence insufficient to prove false representation where surrounding circumstances were suspicious but not conclusive
Summary of this case from Jackson v. CommonwealthOpinion
37247
March 11, 1937
Present, Campbell, C.J., and Holt, Hudgins, Gregory, Eggleston and Spratley, JJ.
1. LARCENY — Witness Fees — Statements Made in Claiming Fees Taken as True until Overcome by Evidence — Case at Bar. — In the instant case, a prosecution for petit larceny under section 4459 of the Code of 1936, the Commonwealth contended that the accused had claimed and received a total mileage and attendance allowance, as a witness in a certain case, for a much longer trip than he had in fact made. The sole issue was whether or not accused, by a false pretense, obtained the money for mileage and attendance fees with intent to defraud.
Held: That the statement of accused to the clerk of the court, in order to secure the fees, must be taken as true until overcome by competent evidence.
2. FALSE PRETENSES AND CHEATS — Elements of Offense — Burden of Proof. — In a prosecution for obtaining money by false pretenses, the burden is on the Commonwealth to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that false pretenses were used for the purpose of perpetrating a fraud, that an actual fraud was committed by means of such false pretenses, and that there was an intent to defraud.
3. LARCENY — Witness Fees — Gravamen of Offense of Falsely Claiming Witness Fees Is Falsity of Representations — Case at Bar. — In the instant case, a prosecution for petit larceny under section 4459 of the Code of 1936, the Commonwealth contended that the accused had claimed and received a total mileage and attendance allowance, as a witness in a certain case, for a much longer trip than he had in fact made.
Held: That the gravamen of the offense was that the representations made by the accused as to the distance he was compelled to travel were false and untrue.
4. LARCENY — Witness Fees — Sufficiency of Evidence to Prove Claim of Accused Was False — Case at Bar. — In the instant case, a prosecution for petit larceny under section 4459 of the Code of 1936, the Commonwealth contended that the accused had claimed and received a total mileage and attendance allowance, as a witness in a certain case, for a much longer trip than he had in fact made. A number of witnesses testified that at various times near the dates when accused attended court as a witness he had been seen nearby, but none of them was able to contradict his direct claim that it was necessary for him to make the trip for which he had received the fees, and there was other evidence showing that accused did considerable traveling to various points outside of his home county.
Held: That the Commonwealth had failed to carry the burden of showing that the representation of accused as to the distance he was compelled to travel was false.
5. CRIMINAL LAW — Burden of Proof — Guilt of Accused Must Be Proved beyond Reasonable Doubt. — The conclusion of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt must be supported by credible evidence, and cannot rest upon conjecture or suspicion. The evidence must go further than to create a suspicion or probability of guilt.
6. LARCENY — Witness Fees — Admission of Evidence — Case at Bar. — In the instant case, a prosecution for petit larceny under section 4459 of the Code of 1936, the Commonwealth contended that the accused had claimed and received a total mileage and attendance allowance, as a witness in a certain case, for a much longer trip than he had in fact made. On the theory that it tended to show the intent of accused, evidence was admitted, over the objection of the accused, that he had falsely inspired the proceeding for which he had been summoned as a witness.
Held: That as the false pretense to be proved was an intentional false representation as to the number of miles traveled by accused as a witness, and as the fees were not paid to the accused upon any false representation that he induced the Commonwealth to institute another proceeding, the evidence had no bearing on the issue upon which he was tried, and its admission was erroneous and prejudicial.
7. LARCENY — Witness Fees — Character in Evidence — Case at Bar. — In the instant case, a prosecution for petit larceny under section 4459 of the Code of 1936, the Commonwealth contended that the accused had claimed and received a total mileage and attendance allowance, as a witness in a certain case, for a much longer trip than he had in fact made. On the theory that it tended to show the intent of the accused, evidence was admitted, over the objection of the accused, that he had falsely inspired the proceeding for which he had been summoned as a witness.
Held: That while the evidence of accused's actions in the other prosecution might throw some light upon the character of the accused, his character was not in issue, since he did not take the stand nor offer any proof of good character, and hence the collateral evidence was prejudicial and erroneous.
Error to judgments of the Circuit Court of Buchanan county. Hon. A. G. Lively, judge presiding.
Reversed and remanded.
The opinion states the case.
H. E. Widener and Warren Cantwell, for the plaintiff in error.
Abram P. Staples, Attorney-General, and Joseph L. Kelly, Jr., Special Assistant, for the Commonwealth.
A. R. Hagy complains of two judgments rendered against him whereby he was convicted in each case of petit larceny.
Each of the warrants alleged that the accused unlawfully and wilfully did take, steal, and carry away a certain sum of money, the property of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Commonwealth based its prosecution under Va. Code 1936, section 4459. And it was more specifically contended that the accused had claimed and received, for attendance at two terms of the Circuit Court of Buchanan county, a total mileage and attendance allowance of $43.06 for traveling to that court, held at Grundy, Virginia, from Lynchburg, Virginia, and back, whereas, in fact, he had only traveled from a point in near-by Washington county. The trial justice imposed a fine of $25.00 and thirty days in jail in each case. On appeal to the Circuit Court of Buchanan county, a like verdict was found by a jury in each case, and judgments were accordingly entered by the court.
Hagy, while residing in Washington county, had received summonses to attend the trial of a certain case at Grundy, the county seat of Buchanan county, for both the November, 1933, and April, 1934, terms of court. He responded to both of these summonses, and thereafter he represented to the clerk of the court that he had been compelled to travel on each occasion from Lynchburg to attend the trials. The clerk of the court accepted his statement, and paid him for his first appearance $22.02, and for his second appearance the sum of $21.04, covering the claimed mileage and attendance fees.
[1, 2] The sole issue was whether or not the accused, by a false pretense, obtained this money for mileage and attendance fees with an intent to defraud. The statement of the accused to the clerk of the court, in order to secure such fees, must be taken as true until it is overcome by competent evidence. The burden was upon the Commonwealth to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that false pretenses were used for the purpose of perpetrating a fraud, that an actual fraud was committed by means of such false pretenses, and that there was an intent to defraud. Anable v. Commonwealth, 24 Gratt. (65 Va.) 563.
[3, 4] Especially it is the gravamen of the offense here charged that the representation made by the accused, that he was compelled to travel from Lynchburg to Grundy, is false and untrue, for this is the representation upon which he obtained his attendance fees. A number of witnesses testified that at various times near the dates when Hagy attended the court as a witness, he was seen in Washington county, but none of them was able to contradict his direct claim that it was necessary for him to make the trips from Lynchburg to attend the court in response to the summonses served on him. There is a seeming contradiction of the accused as to whom he worked for in Lynchburg, but that is insufficient to prove that Hagy did not, in fact, come from Lynchburg to attend the court. There was other evidence that Hagy, from time to time, actually did considerable traveling to various other points outside of his home county. Hagy did not testify at his trial. While there may be some suspicious circumstances connected with the case, not a single witness was found to testify that the accused did not make the trips for which he claimed the mileage and attendance fees. On this phase of the case the Commonwealth has failed to carry its burden.
The conclusion of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt must be supported by credible evidence, and cannot rest upon conjecture or suspicion. The evidence must go further than to create a suspicion or probability of guilt. Triplett v. Commonwealth, 141 Va. 577, 127 S.E. 486; Dixon v. Commonwealth, 162 Va. 798, 173 S.E. 521.
There is also an assignment of error that the trial court erred in the admission of certain collateral evidence with reference to alleged actions of the accused in promoting the prosecution of the case in which he testified. It appears from the record that the attorney for the Commonwealth in the trial court thought that Hagy had falsely inspired the proceeding in which he was summoned as a witness. In the attempt to prove this, considerable testimony was admitted over the objection of the accused. The record does not, however, show clearly the existence of such a fraudulent scheme, nor does the Commonwealth contend here that it was ever established clearly. This evidence appears to have been admitted by the trial court upon the theory that it tended to show the intent of the accused. Such evidence throws no light on the question as to whether or not the accused actually came to the court from Lynchburg. The false pretense necessary to be proven in the case before us was an intentional false representation as to the number of miles traveled by the witness. The attendance fees were not paid to Hagy upon any false representation that he induced the Commonwealth to institute another proceeding. The admission, therefore, of evidence that Hagy had engaged in an attempt to practice a fraud on the court in procuring a prosecution in another case, wherein he might be called as a witness, had no bearing on the issue on which he was tried, viz., that he had secured mileage and attendance fees from the clerk of court upon a false representation as to the distance traveled with an intent to defraud.
While the evidence of Hagy's actions in the other prosecution may throw some light upon the character of the accused, his character was not in issue, since he did not even take the stand as a witness, nor offer any proof of good character. The collateral evidence of this nature and the argument of counsel based thereon were prejudicial and erroneous.
It follows that the two judgments of the trial court approving the verdict of the jury in each case under review, should be reversed, and the cases remanded for a new trial, if the Commonwealth should be advised that sufficient evidence can be produced to warrant a further prosecution.
Reversed and remanded.)