Summary
In Gray v. Gray, 228 Va. 696, 698, 324 S.E.2d 677, 678 (1985), we stated that our decision in Carpenter "holds that before a court permits a custodial parent to remove children from the Commonwealth, it must determine that removal is in the children's best interests."
Summary of this case from Parish v. SpauldingOpinion
44753 Record No. 831963.
January 18, 1985.
Present: All the Justices.
Custodial parent can be permitted by the Court to remove children from Virginia if the Court finds this to be in the childrens' best interests; lump sum award for spousal support sustained under former Code Sec. 20-107.
(1) Domestic Relations — Child Custody — Removal of Children From Commonwealth by Custodian — Before a Court Permits Removal of Children from the Commonwealth by the Custodial Parent, the Court Must Find that Removal is in the Childrens' Best Interests.
(2) Domestic Relations — Child Custody — Removal of Children From Commonwealth by Custodian — Court Should Have Ordered Removal by Mother/Custodian, Having Found Removal Was in Childrens' Best Interests.
(3) Pleading and Practice — Evidence — Ore Tenus Hearing — When Court Hears Evidence Ore Tenus, Its Findings Have the Weight of a Jury Verdict Which is not Disturbed on Appeal Unless Plainly Wrong or Without Evidence to Support Them.
(4) Domestic Relations — Statutory Construction — Support — Spouse — Court May Decree as to Support, Etc., of Parties [Code Sec. 20-107 (Now Repealed and Superseded by Code Sections 20-107.1 and — 107.3)] — Permits Award of Lump Sum Payment for Support Based Upon Consideration of Parties' Property Interests.
(5) Domestic Relations — Statutory Construction — Support — Spouse — Evidence — Court May Decree as to Support, Etc. of Parties, Etc. [Code Sec. 20-107 (Now Repealed and Superseded by Code Sections 20-107.1 and -107.3)] — Supports Award of Lump Sum Payment to Wife and No Indication of Abuse of Court's Discretion.
The mother had been granted custody of two children with reasonable visitation for the father. The mother wished to remove the children to Arizona and the father objected. After an ore tenus hearing and careful deliberation, the Trial Court found that it would be in the best interests of the children to remove them to Arizona but was of the view that the Court could not order this under Carpenter v. Carpenter, 220 Va. 299, 257 S.E.2d 845 (1979) and thus enjoined the mother from removing the children from Virginia. The Court also heard ore tenus evidence pertaining to spousal support under former Code Sec. 20-107 which applied to this case and, after considering the respective property interests of the parties, made a lump sum award of $10,000 to be paid in four installments to the wife in addition to monthly spousal and child support. On appeal the wife challenges the decision not to permit removal of the children to Arizona Under Carpenter and by cross-appeal the husband attacks the decree for the lump sum payment to the wife.
1. Before a Court permits a custodial parent to remove children from the Commonwealth, the Court must determine that removal is in the children's best interests.
2. The Trial Court, having found that removal of the children to Arizona by their mother who had custody would be in the childrens' best interests, and this finding not having been challenged on appeal, the Trial Court should have ordered removal of the children to Arizona. Carpenter v. Carpenter, 220 Va. 299, 257 S.E.2d 845 (1979), explained.
3. When a Court hears evidence ore tenus, its findings are entitled to the weight of a Jury verdict and the findings will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support them.
4. Under former Code Sec. 20-107 applicable to this case (now superseded by Code Sections 20-107.1 and -107.3) a Trial Court was empowered in its discretion to award a lump sum payment in addition to or in lieu of periodic payments for support based upon consideration of the property interests of the parties.
5. The Court having considered evidence of the property interests of the parties, and nothing in the record suggesting that the Court abused its discretion, the lump sum award to the wife is sustained.
Appeal from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Chesterfield County. Hon. Ernest P. Gates, judge presiding.
Reversed in part, affirmed in part, and final judgment.
George F. Tidey (Tidey Boice, on briefs), for appellant.
Donna J. Katos (Bremner, Baber Janus, on brief), for appellee.
This is an appeal from a decree denying the request of Barbara Susan Gray (mother or wife) to remove her two minor children from the Commonwealth of Virginia to the State of Arizona. By an assignment of cross-error, Jeffrey L. Gray (father or husband) contends that the court abused its discretion in awarding his wife a lump sum payment in addition to periodic spousal support.
The mother was granted custody of the parties' two children, then ages nine and eleven, and the father was allowed reasonable visitation with the children. When the mother requested that the court permit the children to move with her from Virginia to Arizona, the father objected.
[1-2] The court conducted an ore tenus hearing and found "that it would be in the best interest of the [mother] and the children to be allowed to return to Arizona." The chancellor further concluded, nonetheless, that he did not "believe that the law permits [him] to authorize this in light of Carpenter v. Carpenter," 220 Va. 299, 257 S.E.2d 845 (1979). Consequently, the court enjoined the mother from removing the children from Virginia.
In Carpenter, the mother wished to move her two minor children from Norfolk, Virginia, to New York City. Like the present case, the mother had been awarded custody of the children and the father granted visitation. When the father objected to the proposed removal of the children from the State, the trial court conducted an ore tenus hearing. The sole issue before the court was "whether the [mother's] proposed move to New York would serve the best interest of the children." Id. at 300, 257 S.E.2d at 846. After considering all factors, the court concluded that "the best interest of the children would not be served by moving them to New York," Id. at 302, 257 S.E.2d at 848, and denied the mother's request.
We noted in Carpenter that the only issue on appeal was whether the trial court abused its discretion in refusing the mother's request. Id. at 300, 257 S.E.2d at 846. Because the court's ruling was not plainly wrong or without evidence to support it, we found no abuse of discretion and affirmed its judgment. Id. at 303, 257 S.E.2d at 848.
In the present case, the trial court found that it would be in the children's best interest to allow them to move to Arizona, and the father has not challenged this finding by assigning cross-error. The court erred, however, in ruling that Carpenter precluded it from permitting the children to be removed from the Commonwealth, even though to do so was in the children's best interest. Carpenter merely holds that before a court permits a custodial parent to remove children from the Commonwealth, it must determine that removal is in the children's best interest. Here, having found that removal was in the children's best interest, the court erred in denying the mother's request.
[3-5] Next, we consider the husband's assignment of cross-error by which he claims the court erred in awarding the wife a $10,000 lump sum, payable in four equal annual installments, in addition to $600 of monthly periodic spousal support. (The husband also was required to pay $700 per month child. support.) Code Sec. 20-107, in effect when the case was tried, provided in pertinent part:
Effective July 1, 1982, Sec. 20-107 was repealed; Sec. 20-107.1, relating to spousal support, and Sec. 20-107.3, pertaining to equitable distribution of property, became operative on that date.
In addition to or in lieu of periodic payments for maintenance and support of a spouse, the court may, in its discretion, award a lump sum payment, based upon consideration of the property interests of the parties except those acquired by gift or inheritance during the marriage.
The court also heard the evidence relating to this issue ore tenus. Upon review, we consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the wife, the prevailing party. The evidence revealed a 14-year marriage, with the husband the primary financial provider and the wife in the role of homemaker. During their marriage, the parties had established a comfortable standard of living. When the case was decided, the husband's gross annual income was $47,000, compared to the wife's approximately $6,200 gross income. The annual expenses of the wife and children exceeded the wife's annual net earnings, net spousal support, and child support by approximately $4,000.
Where, as here, a court hears evidence ore tenus, its findings are entitled to the weight of a jury verdict, and they will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support them. Lapidus v. Lapidus, 226 Va. 575, 580, 311 S.E.2d 786, 789 (1984). Former Code Sec. 20-107 empowered a trial court, "in its discretion," to award a lump sum payment "based upon consideration of the property interests of the parties."
It is apparent from the record that the court considered the parties' property interests before awarding the lump sum to the wife. Moreover, nothing in the record suggests that the court abused its discretion in making this award. Because the ruling is not plainly wrong or without evidence to support it, it will be affirmed.
Thus, we will reverse that portion of the decree prohibiting the mother from removing the children to Arizona, affirm the portion awarding the wife the lump sum payment, and enter final judgment.
Reversed in part, affirmed in part, and final judgment.