Opinion
Civ. Act. 1:21-cv-541-TFM-B
03-27-2023
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff, v. RAYMOND EDWARD SHEA, et al. Defendants.
ORDER
TERRY F. MOORER, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE.
Pending before the Court is the Plaintiff's Motion to Dismiss With Prejudice Defendants Specialty Care Inc. and Shani K. Norberg MD pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(2). See Doc. 585. The Rules of Civil Procedure permit a plaintiff to voluntarily dismiss an action without an order of the court “by filing a notice of dismissal before the opposing party serves either an answer or a motion for summary judgment” or “a stipulation signed by all parties who have appeared.” FED. R. CIV. P. 41(a)(1)(A). A request to dismiss an action requires a court order and dismissal by terms the court considers “proper” if Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(1) does not apply. FED. R. CIV. P. 41(a)(2).
This matter involves multiple parties and Plaintiff petitions the Court to dismiss some (but not all) of the remaining named defendants and only Plaintiff has signed the motion, Plaintiff submits this motion under Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(2). Admittedly, caselaw on dismissals under Rule 41(a) for only portions of a case (claims or parties) has become increasingly muddled and hinges on the definition of “an action” as used in the rule.
In Perry v. Schumacher Grp. of La., 891 F.3d 954, 958 (11th Cir. 2018), the Eleventh Circuit held that Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(1) was not the appropriate mechanism for dismissal of fewer than all claims asserted in a lawsuit. In doing so, it noted that the plain language of Rule 41(a)(1) contemplates dismissing an “action.” Id. “There is no mention in the Rule of the option to stipulate dismissal of a portion of plaintiff's lawsuit - e.g., a particular claim - while leaving a different part of the lawsuit pending before the trial court.” Id. (emphasis in original). However, the Perry court did not address whether Rule 41(a)(1) applies to the dismissal of less than all defendants of a lawsuit. This has resulted in quite the split between various district courts within the Circuit. Compare Jackson v. Equifax Servs., LLC, Civ. Act. No. 119-096, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14991, 2020 WL 476698 (S.D. Ga. Jan. 29, 2020) with Walker v. TransUnion LLC, Civ. Act. No. 1:19-cv-85-MHT, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 50697, 2019 WL 1283440 (M.D. Ala. Mar. 20, 2019). In fact, some district courts in this circuit have held that Perry now means that Rule 41 is not the proper vehicle for dismissal a single party. See, e.g., McCrimager v. Roberson, Civ. Act. No. 4:18-cv-179-WS/MJF, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 150509, *2, 2019 WL 4170190, *1 (N.D. Fla. July 29, 2019); Collins v. United of Omaha Life Ins. Co., Civ. Act. No. 6:21-cv-142-JA, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 28731 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 16, 2021). Rather, these courts indicate that the procedural path to effectuate the dismissal of a single defendant in a multiple defendant case is to utilize Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a).
As Perry did not provide clarity on dismissing “an action” against only “one defendant of several,” the Court must look elsewhere. Ultimately, the Court finds that Perry did not explicitly overrule longstanding precedent that the Court has the authority to dismiss all claims against a defendant under Fed.R.Civ.P. 41 even if there are other defendants in the case. Klay v. United Healthgroup, Inc., 376 F.3d 1092, 1106 (11th Cir. 2004) (“[Fed. R. Civ. P.] 41 allows a plaintiff to dismiss all of his claims against a particular defendant ....”); see also Plain Growers, Inc. ex rel. Florists' Mut. Ins. Co. v. Ickes-Braun Glasshouses, Inc., 474 F.2d 250, 254 (5th Cir. 1973) (“There is little merit in the argument that the court could not dismiss the action as to less than all defendants upon motion [under (a)(2)] ....”); Bonner v. City of Prichard, Ala., 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc) (adopting all decisions of the former Fifth Circuit announced prior to October 1, 1981, as binding precedent in the Eleventh Circuit).
Nothing about Perry makes it clear that it is overruling longstanding precedent in Plain Growers and Klay. Furthermore, requiring an amended complaint under Rule 15 does not provide the certainty of a dismissal with prejudice that the parties request. It leaves open ambiguity in dropping a defendant and whether a plaintiff may later reinstitute the action against that same defendant. In short, parties that request a with prejudice dismissal should receive the certainty in outcome they request.
In sum, the Court finds it may still dismiss all claims against a less than all defendants in a multi-defendant action under Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(2) when requested by a plaintiff so long as it is the entirety of the action against those defendants. See, e.g., Nat'l City Golf Fin. v. Scott, 899 F.3d 412, 415 n.3 (5th Cir. 2018) (“Rule 41(a) permits a plaintiff to dismiss just one defendant, ‘even though the action against another defendant would remain pending.'”) (quoting Plains Growers, 474 F.2d at 253); Exxon Corp. v. Md. Cas. Co., 599 F.2d 659, 662-63 (5th Cir. 1979) (distinguishing between impermissible Rule 41(a) dismissals of individual claims and permissible Rule 41(a) dismissals of individual defendants); 9 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure § 2362 (3d ed. Apr. 2018 update) (spotting a circuit split on this question but calling this interpretation “the sounder view”).
Applying the above framework, the Court now turns to the specific defendant identified in this motion to dismiss. Defendant SpecialtyCare Inc., previously and incorrectly identified as Specialty Care in Brentwood Tennessee signed a Notice of No Claim dated March 21, 2023 which is attached to the motion to dismiss as Exhibit A. See Doc. 585-1. Defendant Shani K. Norberg, M.D. also signed a Notice of No Claim dated March 22, 2023 which is attached to the motion to dismiss as Exhibit B. Though the notices are signed by counsel, the document clearly notes that the signatory is the attorney for the respective defendants. These documents make it clear that these defendants make no claim in this action to the funds at issue. As this named defendants have disclaimed any interest in the insurance proceeds at issue in this case, Plaintiff's motion to dismiss (Doc. 585) is GRANTED and these particular defendants are DISMISSED with prejudice with each party to bear their own attorney's fees and costs.
It is further ORDERED that these defendants are barred from bringing any all future claims, demands, damages (compensatory or punitive), actions, causes of action, statutory actions, contractual benefits, or suits of any kind or nature whatsoever on account of the lawsuit which is described as Government Employees Insurance Company, as Insurer of Raymond Edward Shea and Pauline D. Shea v. Raymond Edward Shea, et al., Civ. Act. No. 1:21-cv-541-TFM-B (S.D. Ala.) and from making any future claims under Plaintiff Government Employee Insurance Company's policy of insurance which provided coverage and was in effect during the June 23, 2020, accident which was the basis of the Plaintiff's Complaint (Doc. 1).
This case remains pending against the remaining Defendants.
DONE and ORDERED.