Opinion
G045207
01-14-2014
DONALD GORDON, Petitioner, v. THE SUPERIOR COURT OF ORANGE COUNTY, Respondent; THE PEOPLE, Real Party in Interest.
Deborah A. Kwast and Frank Ospino, Public Defenders, Jean Wilkinson, Chief Deputy Public Defender, Denise Gragg and Mark S. Brown, Assistant Public Defenders, for Petitioner. No appearance for Respondent. Tony Rackauckas, District Attorney, and Elizabeth Molfetta, Deputy District Attorney, for Real Party in Interest.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
(Super. Ct. No. M9642)
OPINION
Original proceedings; petition for a writ of mandate/prohibition to challenge an order of the Superior Court of Orange County, Richard M. King, Judge. Petition denied.
Deborah A. Kwast and Frank Ospino, Public Defenders, Jean Wilkinson, Chief Deputy Public Defender, Denise Gragg and Mark S. Brown, Assistant Public Defenders, for Petitioner.
No appearance for Respondent.
Tony Rackauckas, District Attorney, and Elizabeth Molfetta, Deputy District Attorney, for Real Party in Interest.
INTRODUCTION
Donald Gordon is the subject of a commitment petition filed pursuant to the Sexually Violent Predator Act, Welfare and Institutions Code section 6600 et seq. (SVPA). In our prior opinion, Gordon v. Superior Court (Mar. 28, 2012, G045207) (nonpub. opn.), review granted June 27, 2012, S202322, we denied Gordon's petition for writ of mandate/prohibition, which sought a writ directing the respondent court to grant his plea in abatement and dismiss the commitment petition.
Further code references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless otherwise indicated.
The California Supreme Court granted review of our opinion. After issuing its decision in Reilly v. Superior Court (2013) 57 Cal.4th 641 (Reilly), the Supreme Court transferred this matter to us for reconsideration in light of that decision. No party filed a supplemental brief pursuant to rule 8.200(b)(1) of the California Rules of Court.
As the Supreme Court directed, we have reconsidered this matter in light of Reilly and again deny Gordon's petition for writ of mandate/prohibition. Our decision is without prejudice to Gordon challenging the probable cause determination pursuant to Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th at pages 656-657, footnote 5, and without prejudice to Gordon and the People obtaining further examinations and evaluations permitted by the SVPA.
ALLEGATIONS OF THE PETITION AND THE RETURN
In July 2002, the Orange County District Attorney filed a petition for commitment as a sexually violent predator (the SVPA Petition), alleging Gordon was a sexually violent predator under the SVPA. The SVPA Petition was based on an evaluation from Mark Schwartz, Ph.D., dated May 22, 2002, and an evaluation conducted by Charles Jackson, Ph.D., also dated May 22, 2002. In July 2004, Douglas Korpi, Ph.D., completed a replacement evaluation and concluded Gordon met the criteria for commitment as a sexually violent predator.
In August 2004, Judge Daniel J. Didier conducted a probable cause hearing in which he received the evaluations prepared by Dr. Schwartz, Dr. Jackson, and Dr. Korpi. Judge Didier found, pursuant to section 6602, probable cause existed to believe Gordon met the criteria for commitment as a sexually violent predator.
Dr. Schwartz and Dr. Korpi completed updated evaluations of Gordon in 2006. Both Dr. Schwartz and Dr. Korpi concluded Gordon continued to meet the criteria for commitment as a sexually violent predator.
In August 2008, the Office of Administrative Law (OAL) issued 2008 OAL Determination No. 19, in which the OAL determined the 2007 version of the State Department of State Hospitals (SDSH), Clinical Evaluator Handbook and Standardized Assessment Protocol (Aug. 2007) (2007 SAP), used for SVPA evaluations, amounted to an "underground regulation" because portions of the assessment protocol, though regulatory in nature, had not been adopted pursuant to Government Code section 11340.5, part of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA; Gov. Code, § 11340 et seq.). (2008 OAL Determination No. 19 (Aug. 15, 2008) p. 3, available at < http://www.oal.ca.gov/res/docs/pdf/determinations/2008/2008_OAL_Determination_19 .pdf> [as of Jan. 14, 2014]; see Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 649.) In In re Ronje (2009) 179 Cal.App.4th 509, 516-517 (Ronje), disapproved in Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th 641, we agreed with the OAL and likewise concluded the 2007 SAP was invalid as an underground regulation. In 2009, the SDSH issued the Standardized Assessment Protocol for Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations (Feb. 2009) (2009 SAP), as the new standardized assessment protocol for SVPA evaluations. In February 2009, the OAL took emergency regulatory action to adopt part of the 2009 SAP. In September 2009, the OAL made permanent the emergency regulatory action.
In March 2010, Gordon filed a motion requesting, among other things, that, in light of Ronje, the trial court order new evaluations to be conducted to determine whether he is a sexually violent predator. In November 2010, Judge Patrick Donahue granted the motion and ordered new evaluations of Gordon, pursuant to section 6601, and a new probable cause hearing pursuant to Ronje based on the new evaluations.
In compliance with the court order, the SDSH reassigned Dr. Schwartz and Dr. Korpi to reevaluate Gordon. In a report dated February 25, 2011, Dr. Schwartz concluded Gordon continued to meet the criteria for commitment as a sexually violent predator. In a report dated February 22, 2011, Dr. Korpi concluded Gordon no longer met those criteria.
In March 2011, Gordon filed a plea in abatement seeking dismissal of the SVPA Petition based on the post-Ronje evaluation reports of Dr. Schwartz and Dr. Korpi. The district attorney filed opposition to the plea in abatement. In a supplemental memorandum of points and authorities, Gordon requested that his plea in abatement also be considered a demurrer under Code of Civil Procedure section 430.10, subdivision (a) and a nonstatutory motion to dismiss.
In April 2011, the respondent court issued an order denying the plea in abatement filed by Gordon. The next month, Gordon filed his petition for writ of mandate/prohibition. We issued an order to show cause and stayed the trial court proceedings. In our prior opinion, we denied Gordon's writ petition. We concluded that "the trial court did not err by denying Gordon's plea in abatement because the [post-Ronje] evaluation process had not been completed." (Gordon v. Superior Court, supra, G045207.)
DISCUSSION
In Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th at page 646, the California Supreme Court addressed the issue whether a court must dismiss an SVPA commitment petition that was supported by evaluations conducted under an invalid standardized assessment protocol. The initial evaluations of the alleged sexually violent predator in Reilly had been conducted under the standardized assessment protocol later deemed invalid by the OAL. (Ibid.) The trial court found probable cause and set the matter for trial. (Id. at p. 650.) A year later, new evaluations pursuant to Ronje were ordered, and the two initial post-Ronje evaluators agreed the alleged sexually violent predator no longer met the criteria for commitment as a sexually violent predator. (Reilly, supra, at pp. 650-651.) The alleged sexually violent predator sought a writ of mandate or prohibition to compel the trial court to grant his plea in abatement to dismiss the SVPA commitment petition. (Id. at p. 651.) We granted the petition in an opinion concluding that dismissal of the SVPA commitment petition was required because it was not supported by two concurring evaluations, as required by section 6601. (Reilly, supra, at p. 651.)
The California Supreme Court reversed our judgment. (Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 646.) The Supreme Court concluded a court is not required to dismiss commitment proceedings under the SVPA if the OAL determines that the initial evaluations supporting the petition were conducted under an assessment protocol that did not comply with the OAL's procedural requirements. (Reilly, supra, at p. 646.) "Instead," the Supreme Court concluded, "an alleged sexually violent predator (SVP) must show that any fault that did occur under the assessment protocol created a material error. [Citation.]" (Ibid.) The Supreme Court disapproved Ronje because it did not require the alleged sexually violent predator also to show such material error. (Reilly, supra, at p. 655.)
Under the Supreme Court's opinion in Reilly, Dr. Schwartz's May 2002 evaluation report and Dr. Jackson's May 2002 evaluation report were sufficient to support the filing of the SVPA Petition against Gordon unless he showed that any fault occurring under the standardized assessment protocol in use at that time created "a material error." (Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 646.) Gordon has not made such a showing.
In Reilly, unlike this case, the alleged sexually violent predator had been the subject of updated evaluations, pursuant to section 6603, subdivision (c), that were performed in accordance with the 2009 SAP. (Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 650.) Those updated evaluations, conducted before the post-Ronje evaluations, concluded the alleged sexually violent predator met the criteria for commitment under the SVPA. (Reilly, supra, at p. 650.) The Supreme Court stated: "In this case, two evaluators concluded in 2008, under the 2007 protocol, and again in 2009, under the subsequently adopted 2009 protocol, that Reilly was an SVP [(sexually violent predator)]. Under these circumstances, where Reilly was found to be an SVP under the new protocol, it is clear that the 2007 protocol error did not materially affect the outcome of his probable cause hearing. Reilly has therefore not shown that the invalid assessment protocol materially affected his initial evaluations." (Id. at p. 656.)
Other than the post-Ronje evaluations, Gordon has not been evaluated under the 2009 SAP. In 2004, the trial court found probable cause to believe Gordon met the criteria for commitment as a sexually violent predator. Footnote 5 of Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th at pages 656-657, is therefore applicable. Footnote 5 reads: "Although not applicable here, in future cases in which the alleged SVP [(sexually violent predator)] has only been evaluated under the 2007 assessment protocol and in which a court finds probable cause that the individual meets the SVP criteria, the individual may petition the court to set aside the probable cause determination on the ground that the use of the invalid 2007 assessment protocol materially affected the outcome of the hearing. The court may then order new evaluations under section 6603 et seq., using the 2009 assessment protocol, and may, in its discretion, order a new probable cause hearing if the new evaluations support the petition. If a 2007 assessment protocol error is identified before a probable cause determination, the alleged SVP may file a plea in abatement asserting the procedural error and asking the court to substitute new evaluations that use the 2009 assessment protocol." (Reilly, supra, at pp. 656-657, fn. 5.)
Our decision to deny Gordon's petition for writ of mandate/prohibition is therefore without prejudice to Gordon challenging the probable cause determination pursuant to Reilly, supra, 57 Cal.4th at pages 656-657, footnote 5. In addition, our decision is without prejudice to Gordon and the People exercising their statutory rights under the SVPA to obtain new or updated evaluations under section 6603, subdivisions (a) and (c)(1). (See Reilly, supra, at p. 657.)
DISPOSITION
The petition for writ of mandate/prohibition is denied and the stay of the trial court proceedings is lifted.
FYBEL, J. WE CONCUR: RYLAARSDAM, ACTING P. J. BEDSWORTH, J.