Opinion
CA 95-552
Opinion delivered April 24, 1996
1. JURISDICTION — ARK. CODE ANN. § 16-4-101(C)(1) — PURPOSE OF LANGUAGE "TRANSACTING BUSINESS" AS FOUND IN CODE SECTION. — Ark. Code Ann. § 16-4-101(C)(1) (Repl. 1994) provides that a court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a person who acts directly or by an agent as to a cause of action arising from the person's transacting any business in this state; the purpose of the "transacting business" provision of Ark. Code Ann. § 16-4-101(C)(1) is to permit Arkansas courts to exercise the maximum in personam jurisdiction allowable by due process. 2. JURISDICTION — MINIMUM CONTACTS FOR PERSONAL JURISDICTION — REQUIREMENT FOR SATISFACTION OF DUE PROCESS. — Under International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945), due process is satisfied where there exist such minimum contacts between the nonresident defendant and the forum state that the maintenance of the suit does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice; in determining whether a nonresident's contacts with the forum state were sufficient to impose jurisdiction, the court considers (1) the nature and quality of the contacts with the forum state, (2) the quantity of the contacts with the forum state, (3) the relation of the cause of action to the contacts, (4) the interest of the forum state in providing a forum for its residents, and (5) the convenience of the parties. 3. JURISDICTION — WHEN SINGLE CONTRACT WILL PROVIDE BASIS FOR EXERCISE OF JURISDICTION. — A single contract can provide the basis for the exercise of jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant if there is a substantial connection between the contract and the forum state. 4. JURISDICTION — LONG-ARM JURISDICTION OVER NON-RESIDENT — USE OF INTERSTATE MAIL AND BANKING FACILITIES, WITHOUT MORE, INSUFFICIENT TO SATISFY DUE PROCESS. — The use of arteries of interstate mail and banking facilities, standing alone, is insufficient to satisfy due process in asserting long-arm jurisdiction over a nonresident. 5. JURISDICTION — JURISDICTION PREMISED SOLELY ON USE OF INTERSTATE MAIL AND BANKING FACILITIES — TRIAL COURT LACKED PERSONAL JURISDICTION. — Where the contract in issue was signed by the appellant outside of Arkansas and provided only that payments be mailed to Arkansas, the connection to Arkansas was premised solely upon the use of interstate mail and banking facilities; the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over the appellant, and the case was reversed and dismissed.
Appeal from Pulaski Circuit Court; John Ward, Judge; reversed and dismissed.
Davidson, Horne Hollingsworth, by: Cyril Hollingsworth and William S. Roach, for appellant.
Connie M. Meskimen, for appellee.
The appellee, Student Loan Guarantee Foundation of Arkansas, filed suit against the appellant in the Circuit Court of Pulaski County, Arkansas, seeking to collect on student loan notes which were alleged to be in default. The appellant, a Tennessee resident, was served with a copy of the summons and complaint in Tennessee. The appellant filed a "special appearance" and moved to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. The trial court subsequently entered a default judgment for the appellee. The appellant filed a motion to set aside the default judgment, again asserting lack of personal jurisdiction. The trial court denied the appellant's motion to set aside the default judgment on January 30, 1995. From that decision, comes this appeal.
For reversal, the appellant contends that the default judgment is void because the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over the appellant. We agree, and we reverse and dismiss.
[1] Jurisdiction in the case at bar is premised on Ark. Code Ann. § 16-4-101(C)(1) (Repl. 1994), which provides that a court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a person, who acts directly or by an agent, as to a cause of action arising from the person's transacting any business in this state. Our Supreme Court has stated that the purpose of the "transacting business" provision of Ark. Code Ann. § 16-4-101(C)(1) is to permit Arkansas courts to exercise the maximum in personam jurisdiction allowable by due process. Szalay v. Handcock, 307 Ark. 232, 819 S.W.2d 684 (1991). Consequently, the question in the case at bar is whether the exercise of personal jurisdiction over the appellant comports with due process.
[2] Under International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945), due process is satisfied where there exist such minimum contacts between the nonresident defendant and the forum state that the maintenance of the suit does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. In determining whether a nonresident's contacts with the forum state were sufficient to impose jurisdiction, we have considered (1) the nature and quality of the contacts with the forum state, (2) the quantity of the contacts with the forum state, (3) the relation of the cause of action to the contacts, (4) the interest of the forum state in providing a forum for its residents, and (5) the convenience of the parties. Moran v. Bombardier Credit, Inc., 39 Ark. App. 122, 839 S.W.2d 538 (1992).
In the case at bar, the appellant filed with the trial court an affidavit stating that he was a Tennessee resident, that he never resided or engaged in business in Arkansas; that he signed the notes at issue in Tennessee; and that his children, for whose benefit the notes were executed, went to school in Tennessee. The appellee's assertion that the appellant transacted business in Arkansas is premised solely on two facts: (1) that the guaranteed student loan was made by an Arkansas bank, and (2) that the guarantor was an Arkansas corporation.
[3-5] Although a single contract can provide the basis for the exercise of jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant if there is a substantial connection between the contract and the forum state, CDI Contractors, Inc. v. Goff Steel Erectors, Inc., 301 Ark. 311, 783 S.W.2d 846 (1990), we think that the connection in the present case is too tenuous to support a finding of personal jurisdiction. As was the case in CDI Contractors, supra, the contract in the case at bar was signed by the appellant outside of Arkansas and provided only that payments be mailed to Arkansas. However, it has been held that the use of arteries of interstate mail and banking facilities, standing alone, is insufficient to satisfy due process in asserting long-arm jurisdiction over a nonresident. CDI Contractors, supra; Mountaire Feeds, Inc. v. Argo Impex, 677 F.2d 651 (8th Cir. 1982). Insofar as the connection to Arkansas in the present case is premised solely upon the use of interstate mail and banking facilities, we hold that the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over the appellant.
Reversed and dismissed.
ROBBINS and STROUD, JJ., agree.