Opinion
No. 18-55291
03-01-2019
TYRELL GLASS; et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. FMM ENTERPRISES, INC.; et al., Defendants-Appellants.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 3:17-cv-00563-JAH-KSC ORDER Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California
John A. Houston, District Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted November 9, 2018 Pasadena, California Before: RAWLINSON, MELLOY, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
The Honorable Michael J. Melloy, United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.
Defendants FMM Enterprises, Inc., GTPD Enterprises, Inc., Cynthia Walsh, Ryan McAweeney, and Neil Billock appeal two district court orders that temporarily forbid the parties in this putative class action from communicating with putative class members until a curative notice can be approved by the court and distributed. We dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
The Plaintiffs also move this Court for leave to file a sur-reply brief on the merits of the case. Because we dismiss for lack of jurisdiction, we deny the Plaintiffs' motion as moot. --------
1. The district court's orders, which were issued under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(d), are not injunctions for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1). Moreover, they can be effectively challenged by direct appeal after a final judgment. See Pit River Tribe v. U.S. Forest Serv., 615 F.3d 1069, 1077 (9th Cir. 2010) ("To be appealable under section 1292(a)(1), as having the 'practical effect' of an injunction, the district court's order 'must (1) have the practical effect of entering an injunction, (2) have serious, perhaps irreparable, consequences, and (3) be such that an immediate appeal is the only effective way to challenge it.'" (citations omitted)); cf. Gulf Oil Co. v. Bernard, 452 U.S. 89, 94-95, 97, 103 (1981) (reversing a Rule 23(d) order "[o]n appeal from a subsequent final order"); Wang v. Chinese Daily News, Inc., 623 F.3d 743, 749-50, 755-58 (9th Cir. 2010) (reviewing a Rule 23(d) order after final judgment had been entered), vacated on other grounds, 565 U.S. 801 (2011) (mem.); Domingo v. New England Fish Co., 727 F.2d 1429, 1439-41 (9th Cir. 1984) (per curiam) (reversing a communication-limiting, pre-trial order after judgment), modified, 742 F.2d 520 (9th Cir. 1984).
2. Because they can be effectively reviewed on appeal from a final judgment, the district court's orders are also not final collateral orders. See Breazeale v. Victim Servs., Inc., 878 F.3d 759, 766 (9th Cir. 2017) ("To establish jurisdiction under the collateral order doctrine, the appellants must show the order they seek to appeal [1] determines the disputed question conclusively, [2] resolves an important issue completely separate from the merits of the action, and [3] is effectively unreviewable on appeal from a final judgment.").
3. Finally, mandamus relief is not appropriate here. None of the factors we are required to consider when deciding whether to grant this extraordinary remedy favor granting the mandamus. See Barnes v. Sea Hawaii Rafting, LLC, 889 F.3d 517, 535 (9th Cir. 2018).
DISMISSED. RAWLINSON, Circuit Judge, concurring:
I concur in the result.