Summary
In Geraty v. Reid (78 N.Y. 64) and Brandon v. Avery (22 id. 469) the duties of the official in each instance were made in the act creating them to appertain exclusively to the locality.
Summary of this case from Gould v. MahaneyOpinion
Argued June 4, 1879
Decided September 16, 1879
Frank Crooke, for appellant.
John F. Baker, for respondents.
The question involved in this case is whether the justice's court of Brooklyn could have its process served outside of the city. It is claimed that justices of the city had the same authority as justices of the peace elected in towns to send process into an adjoining town. The court was organized under the Laws of 1849, chapter 125, section 15, by which it is provided that the common council of the city of Brooklyn may divide the said city into two or more districts, for each of which districts a justice of the peace shall be elected for four years, "who shall have the same jurisdiction in said city that justices of towns have by law in respect to the towns for which they have been elected, and they shall be deemed justices of the peace of the county of Kings."
The jurisdiction of these courts was specified, and by the act of 1850, chapter 102, section 16, it was provided that "the said justices except police justices shall have the like jurisdiction in all civil cases, as is now exercised by the justices of the peace of the towns in this State in addition to the powers and jurisdiction given by them under the said act hereby amended."
The constitution of 1846 provided specifically for the election of justices of the peace in the several towns of the State, and hence it was not competent for the Legislature to create that office and provide for an election in a different manner, or by any other locality. The implied prohibition is as effectual as if it had been expressed. The constitutional authority for creating inferior courts was provided by the following clause: "Inferior local courts, of civil and criminal jurisdiction, may be established by the Legislature, in cities." It was afterwards held by a divided court that local justices of the peace might be created in villages, and that civil jurisdiction might be conferred upon them. ( Sill v. Village of Corning, 15 N.Y., 297.)
The question was again passed upon in Brandon v. Avery ( 22 N Y, 469), in respect to the jurisdiction of the police justice of the village of Ilion. The cause of action arose in another town, but was transitory. It did not appear where the process was served, but on the return day the parties appeared, and put in their pleadings without objection. The charter of Ilion provided for the election of a police justice who "shall in said village possess all the jurisdiction, power and authority, and be subject to the same requirements and duties in all respects as is, or may by law be vested in, or required from justices of the peace of the town of German Flats."
This court held that the territorial restriction "in said village," confined the jurisdiction to the limits of the village, and sufficiently marked the distinction between that office, and justices of the peace of towns, and saved the act from being condemned as unconstitutional. The court assumed that the police justice could not send his process beyond the village limits.
In Waters v. Langdon (40 Barb., 408), involving the jurisdiction of a police justice in the village of Whitesboro, the act was held unconstitutional upon the ground that it was in effect an attempt to create an additional justice of the peace for the town of Whitestown, and the case is distinguished from Brandon v. Avery ( supra), because there were no words in the act limiting the jurisdiction territorially, as in the latter case. Under these authorities it appears to us that the proper construction of the acts referred to is that the words "in said city" were intended to restrict the exercise of the jurisdiction of the officers in question to the limits of the city, and that the general language of the act of 1850, conferring additional jurisdiction does not impair the force of this restriction, but refers only to the power and jurisdiction which might be exercised within the city. This view is confirmed by the consideration that the other construction would render the act invalid. It is well settled that between two constructions, that one is to prevail which will uphold a statute, rather than that which will condemn it.
The only authority conferred is to establish local and inferior courts. The jurisdiction of a local court must be exercised within the locality, and its process cannot be executed outside of it. Whatever power constitutional justices of the peace may possess to send their process into adjoining towns, no local court created under the clause referred to, could be vested with that power, and we think that the Legislature did not intend by these acts to violate the constitution.
It is therefore unnecessary to consider the additional question, what effect the amended constitution of 1869 would have upon the provisions, referred to, in the acts of 1849 and 1850, if they were unconstitutional at the time they were passed.
The judgment of the General Term must be reversed, and that of the county court affirmed.
All concur.
Judgment accordingly.