Opinion
No. 01-05-00718-CR
Opinion issued June 19, 2008. DO NOT PUBLISH. Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
On Appeal from the 183rd District Court, Harris County, Texas, Trial Court Cause No. 486198.
Panel consists of Chief Justice RADACK and Justices KEYES and HIGLEY.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Randall Anthony Garcia, appeals the trial court's order denying his motion for postconviction forensic DNA testing under chapter 64 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.01-05 (Vernon 2006 Supp. 2007). We affirm.
BACKGROUND
In June 1989, appellant was convicted of the 1987 murder of his wife and was sentenced to 40 years in prison. He successfully appealed that conviction. See Garcia v. State, 829 S.W.2d 796 (Tex.Crim.App. 1992). He was retried in February 1997, but the trial court declared a mistrial when the jury was unable to reach a verdict. After a third trial, in September 1999, appellant was convicted and sentenced to 80 years in prison. This Court affirmed the conviction. See Garcia v. State, no. 01-00-00073-CR, 2002 WL 1164135 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied) (not designated for publication). On May 26, 2005, appellant filed a motion requesting postconviction DNA testing. The State filed a motion requesting that the trial court deny appellant's motion for DNA testing. The trial court denied appellant's motion and granted the State's motion. This appeal followed. Appellant's court-appointed counsel filed an Anders brief, in which he stated that no valid grounds for appeal exist and that appellant's appeal was frivolous. See Anders v. State, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S. Ct. 1396 (1967). Specifically, counsel asserted that, because appellant was tried as a party, any evidence of a third party's DNA at the crime scene would not be exculpatory. Appellant filed a pro se response challenging his appellate counsel's recommendation. Specifically, appellant alleged that if two DNA samples were found at the crime scene, neither of which belonged to him or the victim, such evidence would be exculpatory. We abated the case and remanded for appointment of new counsel to address, among other things, the arguable grounds for relief raised in appellant's pro se response. See Garcia v. State, 2007 WL 441716, *3 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 8, 2007) (order) (not designated for publication) (holding that "[i]f the DNA were tested, and two sources of DNA were recovered (in addition to the complainant's DNA), neither of which matched appellant, the evidence could arguably be exculpatory if it cast doubt on the State's evidence placing appellant at the scene of the crime.") However, we specifically declined to address "whether such exculpatory evidence would be sufficient to show a reasonable probability that appellant would not have been convicted," because we "should not reach the merits of appellant's case without first allowing him appointment of new counsel to address the issue." Id. The trial court appointed new appellate counsel, the case was reinstated in this Court, new briefs were filed by appellant and the State, and we now reach the merits of this appeal.DENIAL OF MOTION FOR DNA TESTING
In three related points of error, appellant contends that (1) he satisfied the requirements of Chapter 64 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure; (2) the fact that there was a parties charge does not determine whether evidence is exculpatory in a particular case; and (3) he established by a preponderance of the evidence that he would not have been convicted if exculpatory evidence had been obtained through DNA testing.Standard of Review
We apply the bifurcated standard of review to a trial court's decision to deny post-conviction DNA testing. Bates v. State, 177 S.W.3d 451, 453 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, pet. ref'd) (citing Rivera v. State, 89 S.W.3d 55, 59 (Tex.Crim.App. 2002)). Accordingly, we afford almost total deference to the trial court's determination of issues of historical fact and its application of the law to fact issues that turn on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor. Id. We review de novo other application of law-to-fact issues, including the ultimate question of whether the trial court was required to grant a motion for DNA testing under Chapter 64 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Id. A trial judge is not required to enter written findings supporting his denial of a defendant's request for DNA testing. Dixon v. State, 242 S.W.3d 929, 933 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2008, no pet.) When, as here, the trial court does not file findings of fact, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court's ruling and assume the trial court made implicit findings of fact that support its ruling, as long as those implied findings are supported by the record. State v. Kelly, 204 S.W.3d 808, 818-19 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006). If the trial court's decision is correct on any theory of the law applicable to the case, we will sustain its decision. State v. Ross, 32 S.W.3d 853, 855-56 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000).Governing Law
Chapter 64 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides a mechanism for obtaining post-conviction DNA testing. Article 64.01 provides in part:(a) A convicted person may submit to the convicting court a motion for forensic DNA testing of evidence containing biological material. The motion must be accompanied by an affidavit, sworn to by the convicted person, containing statements of fact in support of the motion.
(b) the motion may request forensic DNA testing only of evidence described by Subsection (a) that was secured in relation to the offense that is the basis of the challenged conviction and was in the possession of the state during the trial of the offense, but
(1) was not previously subjected to DNA testing:
(A) because DNA testing was:
(i) not available; or
(ii) available, but not technologically capable of providing probative results, orTex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.01(a), (b)(1)(A)(i),(ii). Article 64.03 of the Code of Criminal Procedure states, in pertinent part, as follows:
(a) A convicting court may order forensic DNA testing under this chapter only if:
(1) the court finds that:
(A) the evidence:
(i) still exists and is in a condition making DNA testing possible; and
(ii) has been subjected to a chain of custody sufficient to establish that it has not been substituted, tampered with, replaced, or altered in any material respect; and
(B) identity was or is an issue in the case; and
(2) the convicted person establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that:
(A) the person would not have been convicted if exculpatory results had been obtained through DNA testing; and
(B) the request for the proposed DNA testing is not made to unreasonably delay the execution of sentence or administration of justice.
. . .
(c) If the convicting court finds in the affirmative the issues listed in Subsection (a)(1) and the convicted person meets the requirements of Subsection (a)(2), the court shall order that the requested forensic DNA testing be conducted.Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.03(a), (c)
Analysis
"Before a trial court can order post-conviction DNA testing, the convicted person must meet the requirements of article 64.03 of the Code of Criminal Procedure." Bates, 177 S.W.3d at 453. To successfully carry this burden, the defendant must do more than merely allege in his motion that the requirements have been met; he must provide affidavits containing statements of fact in support of his motion. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.01(a); Dinkins v. State, 84 S.W.3d 639, 642 (Tex.Crim.App. 2002). The State argues that appellant's motion and affidavits are deficient in several respects. Specifically, the State argues that appellant's affidavits do not contain statements of fact relating to whether the evidence (1) had been previously subjected to DNA testing, (2) still exists in a condition making DNA testing possible, and (3) has been subjected to a sufficient chain of custody. We agree. In Dinkins, the defendant filed a motion alleging that the evidence he sought to have tested had never been submitted for DNA testing, and that the means of testing available during his trial were outdated. 84 S.W.3d at 642. However, his affidavit did not provide a statement of fact in support of these claims. Id. Although Dinkins's expert submitted an affidavit that made general statements about the type of DNA testing available at the time of trial, he did not specifically address whether the DNA available at the time of trial was capable of providing probative results. Id. Accordingly, the Court of Criminal Appeals held that "[b]ecause appellant has failed to provide facts in support of his motion," the trial court did not err in denying Dinkins's motion for DNA testing. Id. In this case, appellant's motion requested "DNA testing of evidence containing biological material that was secured in relation to such offense and was in the possession of the State at the time the Petitioner was tried, but has not been subjected to DNA testing." The motion further alleged that `[t]he various items which are listed in the attached affidavits, which contain or may contain biological material, were not previously subjected to DNA testing through no fault of the Petitioner. . . ." However, appellant's affidavit contains only the following statement of fact:I was convicted of murdering my wife, Ileana Garcia. She was murdered in her apartment on October 9, 1997. I did not murder my wife and I know that if items that were recovered from her apartment by the police were subjected to DNA testing, it would prove that I did not murder her.Appellant also attached the affidavits from the custodian of evidence at the Houston Police Department, the Harris County District Attorney's Office, the Harris County Sheriff's Office, the Webster Police Department, the Harris County Medical Examiner's Office, the Harris County Medical Examiner's Office DNA lab, the Harris County Medical Examiner's Office TRACE lab, and the FBI. These affidavits list what evidence, if any, related to appellant's case is in the custody of each organization. However, the affidavits do not address the condition of the evidence or whether it has been previously tested for DNA. As such, appellant fails to meet the requirements of article 64.03(a)(1), which requires that the trial court find that the evidence "still exists and is in a condition making DNA testing possible." Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.03(a)(1)(A)(i). Similarly, appellant fails to meet the requirements of article 64.01(b)(1), which provides that DNA testing is available only if the evidence was not previously subjected to DNA testing. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.01(b)(1). Finally, there is nothing in appellant's affidavits to show the chain of custody of the evidence in question. The affidavits show the present custodian of several items of evidence, but they do now show a chain of custody. Thus, appellant fails to meet the requirements of article 64.03(a)(1), which requires that the trial court find that the evidence has been "subjected to a chain of custody sufficient to establish that it has not been substituted, tampered with, replaced, or altered in any material respect." Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.03(a)(1)(A)(ii). Because appellant's evidence failed to establish these requirements of Chapter 64, the trial court did not err in denying appellant's motion for DNA testing. See Dinkins, 84 S.W.3d at 642.