Summary
In Gagnon v. Jones, 103 Mont. 365, 62 P.2d 683, 684, this court said: "The `officers' of a county are enumerated in section 4725 of the Revised Codes [1935, R.C.M. 1947, sec. 16-2403], and the test for determining whether an appointee is a public officer has been declared by this court.
Summary of this case from Turnbull v. BrownOpinion
No. 7,516.
Submitted November 7, 1936.
Decided November 20, 1936.
Personal Injuries — Automobiles — Master and Servant — Facts Under Which County not Liable Under Doctrine of Respondeat Superior — Presumptions — Testimony Overcoming Presumptions — When Question of Law — Superintendent of Poor Farm not Public Officer — Directed Verdicts. Personal Injuries — Automobiles — Counties — Superintendent of Poor Farm not Public Officer. 1. Held, that a superintendent of a county poor farm with the exclusive superintendence of which the county commissioners are charged under section 4521, Revised Codes, who was required to work only the customary eight hours a day, and who while using a county truck without permission on a private mission collided with plaintiff's automobile, was merely an employee of the county and not a "public officer." Evidence — Presumptions — When Question Whether Testimony Overcomes Presumption One of Law. 2. While a presumption has the effect of evidence, and the question whether testimony to the contrary overcomes the presumption is one for the jury, where the facts proved are overwhelmingly against the presumed facts and permit of but one rational and reasonable conclusion, the matter becomes one of law for the court's decision. Personal Injuries — Directed Verdict in Favor of Defendant — When Proper. 3. Where the evidence in a personal injury action, though conflicting, is in such a condition that the trial court would be in duty bound to set aside a verdict in favor of plaintiff, it may direct a verdict for defendant. Same — Automobiles — County Sought to be Held Liable Under Doctrine of Respondeat Superior — Facts Under Which Directed Verdict in Favor of County Proper. 4. In an action against a county and its superintendent of the county poor farm for damages flowing from a collision between a county truck driven by the latter and plaintiff's car, wherein the county was sought to be held liable under the doctrine of respondeat superior, held, that the positive and undisputed evidence introduced by the county to the effect that the individual defendant at the time of the accident was not acting within the scope of his authority as the county's employee nor in regard to its business, opposed by certain disputable presumptions, warranted the court in directing a verdict in favor of the county.
Appeal from District Court, Deer Lodge County; R.E. McHugh, Judge.
Mr. John A. Stagg and Mr. S.P. Wilson, for Appellant, submitted a brief; Mr. Wilson argued the cause orally.
Mr. William R. Taylor, County Attorney of Deer Lodge County, and Mr. J.B.C. Knight, for Respondents, submitted a brief; Mr. Knight argued the cause orally.
On December 31, 1933, at 9:30 P.M., a county truck driven by Charles Jones, superintendent of the county poor farm, collided with plaintiff's car in the city of Anaconda. Plaintiff sued Jones and Deer Lodge County jointy for damages for injuries resulting from the collision, and on a trial of the action secured a verdict and judgment against Jones; the court, however, directed a verdict in favor of the county. Plaintiff appeals from the judgment.
The only question presented by this appeal is as to whether or not the court erred in taking the case from the jury as to the county.
The evidence is undisputed to the following effect: Jones was required to work at the poor farm but the customary eight-hour day, except in case of an emergency; the truck involved was furnished him for use in connection with his work, and for no other purpose. On the night in question Jones and his wife took the truck for the sole purpose of visiting Jones' mother in Anaconda. On this trip he consumed county gasoline and oil and had no authority from his superiors, the board of county commissioners, to use the truck.
The position taken by able counsel for the plaintiff is ingenious; it is presented upon the assumption that Jones, in his capacity of superintendent of the county farm, is a public officer, citing Tucker's Appeal, 271 Pa. 462, 114 A. 626. On that premise it is argued that the disputable presumptions declared in section 10606, Revised Codes, (1) that a person is innocent of wrong, and (15) that official duty has been regularly performed, (20) that the ordinary course of business has been followed, and (33) that the law has been obeyed, have the effect of evidence, and, coupled with the fact disclosed that Jones had no authority to use the county truck for his personal affairs or to consume county gasoline and oil, made out a prima facie case against the county, against which the positive testimony but created a conflict in the evidence which the jury could have resolved in favor of the presumptions (sec. 10672, Rev. Codes); they cite many cases to the effect that, in the circumstances, the court had no authority to take the case from the jury.
Conceding the correctness of the rules contended for, it does not follow that the conclusion reached is tenable. Initially, the premise on which the argument is based is not supported by the single case cited; that case but holds that "overseers or directors" of the county poor, who are the duly elected members of the board of county commissioners in certain counties in Pennsylvania, are, in view of the powers and duties conferred upon them, "public officers" whose salaries cannot be increased during the term for which they were elected.
Jones was not a public officer within the definitions of that [1] term recognized in this state; he was merely an employee of the county. Here "the board of county commissioners are vested with the entire and exclusive superintendence of the poor" (sec. 4521, Rev. Codes); they may establish and conduct a poor farm (sec. 4534, Id.); the discretion in the conduct and control thereof is theirs, acting, if necessary, through agents. ( Jones v. Cooney, 81 Mont. 340, 263 P. 429.)
The "officers" of a county are enumerated in section 4725 of the Revised Codes, and the test for determining whether an appointee is a public officer has been declared by this court. ( State ex rel. Nagle v. Page, 98 Mont. 14, 37 P.2d 575; State ex rel. Barney v. Hawkins, 79 Mont. 506, 257 P. 411, 53 A.L.R. 583.)
We recognize the rule that a presumption has the effect of [2] evidence, and that whether sworn testimony to the contrary is sufficient to rebut it is a question for the triers of fact, but this rule is subject to the exception that "where the facts proved are overwhelmingly against the presumed facts and permit of but one rational and reasonable conclusion," it becomes a question of law for the court and not one of fact for the jury. ( Nichols v. New York Life Ins. Co., 88 Mont. 132, 292 P. 253; Renland v. First Nat. Bank, 90 Mont. 424, 4 P.2d 488; McMahon v. Cooney, 95 Mont. 138, 25 P.2d 131.)
Herein certain of the presumptions relied upon are inapplicable because of the fact that Jones was not an official of the county, and the remaining ones "fade away" in the face of positive testimony to the contrary and render a directed verdict in favor of the county proper. ( Monaghan v. Standard Motor Co., 96 Mont. 165, 29 P.2d 378, and cases cited.)
It has always been the rule in this jurisdiction that, even [3, 4] though there be conflicting evidence in the record, if the evidence is in such a condition that the court would be in duty bound to set aside any verdict that might be rendered thereon for the plaintiff, the court may direct a verdict for the defendant. ( McIntyre v. Northern Pacific Ry. Co., 56 Mont. 43, 180 P. 971; Schwab v. Peterson, 80 Mont. 214, 260 P. 711.) Such was the condition in the present case; the positive and undisputed evidence is that at the time of the accident the defendant Jones was not acting within the scope of his authority as an employee of the county, nor in regard to his master's business. Under this proof the county was not liable for the delinquency of its servant. ( Susser v. Delovage, 73 Mont. 354, 236 P. 1082; Hoffman v. Roehl, 61 Mont. 290, 203 P. 349, 20 A.L.R. 189.)
The court did not err in directing the verdict.
Judgment affirmed.
ASSOCIATE JUSTICES STEWART, ANDERSON and MORRIS concur.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE SANDS, being absent on account of illness, did not hear the argument and takes no part in the foregoing decision.