Opinion
Docket No. 63556.
Decided February 25, 1983.
Booth, Patterson, Lee, Karlstrom Steckling (by J. Timothy Patterson), for plaintiff.
Paul M. Mandel, for defendant on appeal.
Before: CYNAR, P.J., and N.J. KAUFMAN and MacKENZIE, JJ.
Plaintiff appeals as a matter of right from a summary judgment granted under GCR 1963, 117.2(1).
On March 11, 1980, Bernice Fuller filed a complaint for partition of a certain parcel of land located in Independence Township, Oakland County, Michigan. The defendant, Betty Jeanne Fuller, Bernice Fuller's daughter, answered the complaint and, on May 22, 1980, filed a counterclaim asking the court to find the defendant the sole owner of the property and demanding an accounting from her mother. Thereafter, defendant moved for a summary judgment. On February 23, 1982, the circuit court issued an order granting summary judgment in defendant's favor as to Bernice Fuller's complaint, under GCR 1963, 117.2(1). In accordance with a stipulation between the parties, an amended order making the summary judgment order a final judgment was issued on March 22, 1982. On May 18, 1982, following the filing of the claim of appeal herein, Bernice Fuller died.
On May 15, 1953, Harry and Virginia Chamberlain quitclaimed their interest in the property in question to Betty Jeanne Fuller and Jacqueline Marie Keyes. The Chamberlains' interest in the property was that of land contract vendees. At the time that the quitclaim deed was executed, the Chamberlains also assigned their purchasers' interest in the land contract to Betty Jeanne Fuller and Jacqueline Marie Keyes. On August 30, 1954, Jacqueline Marie Keyes quitclaimed her interest in the property to Betty Jeanne Fuller. Thereafter, on August 5, 1955, Herbert A. and Nina R. Bowman, the land contract vendors, executed an assignment of their sellers' interest in the land contract to Betty Jeanne Fuller, Frank F. Fuller and Bernice M. Fuller. On March 6, 1965, the Bowmans executed a seller's assignment of land contract to Betty Jeanne Fuller, Frank F. Fuller and Bernice M. Fuller. Frank F. Fuller died on April 7, 1966. The Bowmans, on October 25, 1967, executed a warranty deed conveying the property to Bernice Fuller, Betty Jeanne Fuller and Richard L. Fuller "jointly with rights of survivorship specifically granted and not as tenants in common". Richard L. Fuller quitclaimed his interest in the property to Bernice Fuller and Betty Jeanne Fuller on December 3, 1979.
It appears that approximately 15 years prior to the filing of this action, defendant moved from this state to Florida. During the years which followed, the premises for the most part were maintained and cared for by Bernice Fuller. Bernice Fuller also either resided in or rented the premises during this period. Whether defendant contributed money for the care and maintenance of the property is the subject of some controversy.
It is argued on appeal that Bernice Fuller's petition for partition should have been granted, in spite of the fact that the land was deeded to the parties "jointly with rights of survivorship specifically granted and not as tenants in common". Plaintiff representative opines that the additional language, "with rights of survivorship specifically granted", adds nothing to the word "jointly". It is asserted that the parties were merely joint tenants and that, as so granted, partition is available.
While defendant does not contest this fact, it should first be noted that Bernice Fuller's unfortunate death after the filing of the claim of appeal does not abate the action herein. See MCL 600.2921; MSA 27A.2921.
The substantive issue presented herein centers around the propriety of the trial court's order granting defendant's motion for summary judgment pursuant to GCR 1963, 117.2(1).
"`A motion based solely on subsection 1, challenges the legal sufficiency of a plaintiff's claim and is to be considered by an examination of the pleadings alone. * * * Our job as a reviewing court is to accept as true the well-pleaded facts in plaintiff's complaint, against each defendant, * * * and to determine whether these claims are so "clearly unenforceable as a matter of law that no factual development can possible [sic] justify a right to recovery." (Citations omitted.)'" Tumbarella v Kroger Co, 85 Mich. App. 482, 489; 271 N.W.2d 284 (1978), lv den 406 Mich. 939 (1979), quoting Borman's, Inc v Lake State Development Co, 60 Mich. App. 175, 179; 230 N.W.2d 363 (1975).
Generally, all land held jointly is subject to partition. MCL 600.3304; MSA 27A.3304. See Henkel v Henkel, 282 Mich. 473; 276 N.W. 522 (1937); Beaton v LaFord, 79 Mich. App. 373; 261 N.W.2d 327 (1977). The Supreme Court, however, in Ames v Cheyne, 290 Mich. 215; 287 N.W. 439 (1939), slightly altered this principle, holding that under specified circumstances neither party to a joint tenancy may deprive the other of his right to survivorship and that, hence, a partition may not be granted. Therein, the land was conveyed to the parties "as joint tenants and not tenants in common, and to the survivor thereof, parties of the second part". (Emphasis in original.) Ames, supra, p 218. With respect to this conveyance, the Court stated:
"Where property stands in the name of joint tenants with the right of survivorship, neither party may transfer the title to the premises and deprive the other of such right of survivorship. Schulz v Brohl, 116 Mich. 603; 74 N.W. 1012 (1898); Finch v Haynes, 144 Mich. 352; 107 N.W. 910; 115 Am St Rep 447 (1906)." Ames, supra, p 218.
See Jones v Snyder, 218 Mich. 446; 188 N.W. 505 (1922). This rule of property law has been reaffirmed by the Michigan Supreme Court on at least three other occasions. See Mannausa v Mannausa, 374 Mich. 6; 130 N.W.2d 900 (1964) ("as joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common"); Ballard v Wilson, 364 Mich. 479; 110 N.W.2d 751 (1961) ("as joint tenants with right of survivorship, and not as tenants in common"); Rowerdink v Carothers, 334 Mich. 454; 54 N.W.2d 715 (1952) (to the parties "or the survivor of them"). See, also, Beaton, supra, pp 375-376; Anderson v Richter, 54 Mich. App. 532, 534-537; 221 N.W.2d 251 (1974).
Plaintiff would have this Court circumvent the holding of Ames by distinguishing the facts which gave rise to the conveyance therein from the facts which gave rise to the conveyance herein. First, the facts herein closely parallel the facts present in Ames. Second, plaintiff's assertion totally disregards the lack of emphasis placed on the facts by the Ames, Court. The Ames Court clearly stressed the words of conveyance as dispositive of the issue. See Ames, supra, p 218. Moreover, the Ames rule has been applied in varying factual situations. See Mannausa, supra; Ballard, supra. The Supreme Court in Mannausa, supra, pp 8-9, quoting Ballard, supra, pp 483-484, aptly summed up the pervasiveness of the Ames rule as follows:
"`Hence arises our problem: The 3 grantees before us hold the property as "joint tenants with right of survivorship, and not as tenants in common." Does such a deed create a mere joint tenancy, or something more? * * *
"`It has been held repeatedly in a parallel situation, where a deed ran to "A and B, and the survivor of them, his heirs and assigns," that the intent of the grantor was to convey a moiety to A and B for life with remainder to the survivor in fee, and that neither grantee could convey the estate so as to cut off the remainder. Accordingly, and apparently upon parity of reasoning, we held in Ames v Cheyne, supra, 218, that "where property stands in the name of joint tenants with the right of survivorship, neither party may transfer the title to the premises and deprive the other of such right of survivorship" (citing the Schulz and Finch Cases [Schulz v Brohl, 116 Mich. 603; 74 N.W. 1012 (1898); Finch v Haynes, 144 Mich. 352; 107 N.W. 910; 115 Am St Rep 447 (1906)] * * *) and concluded that "plaintiff may not have partition."
"`We are not persuaded by appellee's arguments either that the decision in Ames v Cheyne was erroneous or that it should be overruled. Moreover, our prior decision, in Mr. Justice COOLEY'S words, "has become a rule of property, so that titles have been acquired in reliance upon it, and vested rights will be disturbed by overruling it." In the years since the Ames decision was handed down there is no question but that the rule of that case has become a rule of property in this State. Estates have been built, conveyances made, and wills drawn in reliance upon it.
"`Where a rule fixing the status of property has existed for many years, has been relied upon by the profession, and has been sustained by decision, a proper judicial regard for certainty of titles and estates would suggest that it is not to be disturbed. Under the rule of Ames v Cheyne we hold that these parties intended to create and did create joint life estates followed by a contingent remainder in fee to the survivor, indestructible by the voluntary act of only one of the life tenants.'"
The plaintiff also urges this Court to disregard the all-encompassing aspect of the Ames rule because of its archaic nature. To support this contention, plaintiff cites the committee comment accompanying MCL 600.3304; MSA 27A.3304, wherein the committee states:
"The general rule that there is a right in a co-tenant to have the premises partitioned is not universally applicable. A co-tenant may do things which will limit this right. He may contract away his right to partition, Avery v Payne, 12 Mich. 540 (1864); Eberts v Fisher, 54 Mich. 294; 20 N.W. 80 (1884). The court probably went to the extreme limit of finding a contract against partition in the case of Ames v Cheyne, 290 Mich. 215; 287 N.W. 439 (1939), when it found that the parties by taking the land as joint tenants with a right of survivorship were contracting that they would not partition the premises. It seems quite likely that given a proper case reasonably argued the court would today find that property taken by persons as joint tenants with a right of survivorship was subject to partition since the statement `with right of survivorship' would reasonably be considered merely a statement of an incident of joint tenancy rather than a contract." (Emphasis in original.)
This argument, however, is severely discounted by the fact that after the enactment of MCL 600.3304; MSA 27A.3304, which is substantially the same as its precursor, 1948 CL 631.1, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the holding in Ames. See Mannausa, supra. In any event, it is not this Court's place to narrow the interpretation of a rule that the Supreme Court has clearly indicated should be applied in a case such as this.
Because the land was conveyed to the parties herein "jointly with rights of survivorship specifically granted and not as tenants in common", which is nearly identical to the language present in Ames, Ames is controlling. The denial of Bernice Fuller's petition for partition is upheld.
Affirmed.