Summary
In Fleming v. Travelers Ins. Co., 206 Miss. 284, 39 So.2d 885 (1949), one Stewart had a liability policy with Travelers Insurance. Stewart and his wife were separated, but she continued to live in his home in New Orleans, where he had his telephone listed in his name.
Summary of this case from Aetna Cas. and Sur. Co. v. WilliamsOpinion
April 11, 1949.
1. Insurance — automobile liability policy — notice of accident.
A full written report of an accident covered by an automobile liability policy made by the attorneys of the insured within two weeks giving all available information and addressed to and answered by the agents who delivered the policy and collected the premiums thereon, sufficiently complies with a policy requirement that written notice of an accident shall be given to the company or any of its authorized agents as soon as practicable, especially where the agents denied liability and the insurer was aware of the action at law brought against the insured.
2. Insurance — automobile liability policy — member of insured's household.
The automobile liability policy upon which suit was brought contained a provision that it would not cover insured's liability while operating an automobile owned by a member of his household. The insured at the time of the accident was driving an automobile which belonged to his estranged wife, but with whom he had not lived for more than five years during all of which time he had resided in a separate household in another city with another woman, whom he represented as his wife, although he maintained as his legal homestead, which he rarely visited, the house wherein his legal wife resided, and he contributed to her support: Held that in view of practical considerations and in the light of the purposes of the stated policy provision, the wife was not a member of insured's household.
3. Insurance — parties defendant — component units with interlocking control — amendment when no new cause of action.
The automobile liability policy upon which suit was brought contained a provision that suit thereon by a judgment creditor must be brought within a time limit therein specified. Suit was brought within the time but on discovery of the policy it was ascertained that the suit had been brought against another company of a group of three component units of somewhat similar names with interlocking control, than the particular unit of the group which had in technical fact issued the policy. An amendment to the bill brought in all three of the companies in the group as parties defendant, but after the time limit for the institution of suit: Held that the amendments perfecting the original bill and the procedural requirements as to notice did not constitute a new cause of action — presented no new picture of it — especially as knowledge of the identity of the parties was peculiarly the knowledge of the defendants who had a common agent, and a common control.
Headnotes as revised by Alexander, J.
APPEAL from the chancery court of Jackson County, D.M. RUSSELL, Chancellor.
Ebb J. Ford, Jr. and Van Antwerp Rector, for appellant.
The appellant is within the definition of those persons entitled to recover against the insurance company. Downing v. Home Indemnity Co., 169 Miss. 13, 152 So. 841; Travelers Indemnity Co. v. Holliman, 174 Miss. 220, 164 So. 36.
Appropriate notice of the accident and claims against the named insured, Captain B.B. Stewart, was given. Alexander v. N.C. Savings Bank, 71 S.E. 69; Alexander v Standard Ins. Co., 122 Fed. 995; American Surety Co. v. Sutherland, 35 F. Supp. 353; Coon v. Campbell, 204 N.Y.S. 772; Continental Ins. Co. v. Wickham, 35 S.E. 287; Creech v. Mass. Bond Ins. Co., 169 S.E. 545; Dickinson v. General Accid. Ins. Co., 147 F.2d 396; Fischer v. Associated Underwriters, 13 N.E.2d 809; Gen. Fin. Co. v. Penn. Ins. Co., 35 A.2d 409; Grant v. Sun Indem. Co., 80 Pas. 2d 996; Grenlich v. Monnin, 45 N.E.2d 212; Hartford Indem. Co. v. Randall, 183 N.E. 433; Jacobs v. Nat. Acc. Ins. Co. 103 Ut. 5, 151 A. 565; Mass. Prot. Assn. v. Crawford, 137 Miss. 876; Mercer Cas. Co. v. Lewis, 108 P.2d 65; Miss. Code, 1942, Sec. 5706; Missouri Ins. Co. v. Fevre, 10 S.W.2d 267; Nat. Cas. Co. v. Mitchell, 162 Miss. 197, 138 So. 808; Phenix Ins. Co. v. Stocks, 36 N.E. 408; Ranallo v. Hinman, 49 F. Supp. 920; Reliance Ins. Co. v. Cassity, 173 Miss. 840, 163 So. 508; Rorick v. State Ins. Co., 248 N.W. 584; Royal Ins. Co. v. Martin, 192 U.S. 149; Southern States Ins. Co. v. Hand Jordan Co., 112 Miss. 565, 73 So. 578; Standard Accident Ins. Co. v. Broom, 111 Miss. 409, 71 So. 653; States Mutual v. Watkins, 181 Miss. 859, 180 So. 78; Swan v. Liverpool Ins. Co., 52 Miss. 704; Thomas Kilpatrick v. L.G. A. Co., 237 N.W. 162; Utilities Co. v. Smith, 129 F.2d 798; Young v. Travelers Ins. Co., 119 F.2d 877; Words Phrases, Penn. Ed., Vol. 44, Page 516 and 517.
The claim of the appellant is not barred by limitations. Aetna Ins. Co. v. Robertson, 126 Miss. 387, 88 So. 883; Miss. Code, 1942, Sections 740 and 742; Robertson v. Moore, 76 Miss. 89, 23 So. 631.
Mrs. Stewart was not a member of the household of Captain Stewart in January, 1941. Aaron v. State, 37 Ala. 106; Allen v. Manasse, 4 Ala. 454; Andrews v. Com. Cas. Co., 259 N.W. 653; Arthur v. Morgan, 112 U.S. 495; Auto Ins. Co. v. Long, 39 S.W.2d 1102; Boyd v. Miss. Ins. Co., (Miss. 1897), 21 So. 708; Brokaw v. Ogle, 48 N.E. 394; Brown v. Witt, 19 Wend. (N.Y.) 475; Bydstrom v. Queen Ins. Co., 137 Ind. 349; Cartier v. Cartier, 153 A. 6; Chamberlin v. Darrow, 11 N.Y. St. 100; Collins v. Northwest Casualty Co., 39 P.2d 986; Corpus Juris, Vol 32, Page 1152; Elliott v. Thomas, 143 S.W. 563; Eminent Household v. Bunch, 115 Miss. 512, 76 So. 540; Engrebretson v. Austvold, 271 N.W. 809; Farm Ins. Co. v. Violano, 123 F.2d 692; Fink v. Fraenkle, 14 N.Y.S. 140; Fore v. Hoke, 48 Mo. A. 254; Germania Life Ins. Co. v. Bouldin, 100 Miss. 660, 56 So. 609; Greenwood v. Maddox, 27 Ark. 648; Heffernan v. Milwaukee M. Ins. Co., 169 N.E. 33, Affirmed, M.M. Ins. Co. v. Heffernan, 169 N.E. 573; Hoff v. Hoff, 1 A.2d 506; Home Ins. Co. v. Pettit, 225 Ala. 487, 143 So. 839; Hoopes Estate, 6 Phil. 361; Indemnity Ins. Co. v. Sanders, 36 P.2d 271; Jones v. Aurora, 151 N.W. 958; Katzenberg v. Lehman, 2 So. 272; Kelley v. McFadden, 80 Ind. 536; Lester v. State, 2 Tex. A. 432; Lumbermen's Co. v. Pulsifer, 41 F. Supp. 249; M.M. Ins. Co. v. Heffernan, 169 N.E. 573; May v. Smith, 48 Ala. 483; Nelson v. State, 57 Miss. 286; Ocean Accident Co. v. Schmidt, 46 F.2d 269; Pearre v. Smith, 110 Md. 531, 73 A. 141; Pearson v. Miller, 71 Miss. 379, 14 So. 731; Peope v. Tait, 261 Ill. 197, 103 N.E. 750; Pettit v. Muskegon, 41 N.W. 900; Prevost v. Menard, 34 Que. Super. 31; Robbins v. Bangor, 100 Me. 496, 62 A. 136; Sallee v. Waters, 17 Ala. 482; Shivers v. Farmer's Ins. Co. (Miss. 1911), 66 So. 965; State Farm Co. v. James, 80 F.2d 802; Vaughn v. American Ins. Co., 27 P.2d 212; Woodward v. Murray, 18 John. (N.Y.) 400.
Wallace, Greaves Wallace, for appellees.
Exclusion in automobile liability insurance policy excluding from coverage another automobile owned by member of insured's household is valid. Maryland Casualty Co. v. Adams, 159 Miss. 88, 131 So. 544; Adams v. Maryland Casualty Co., 162 Miss. 237, 139 So. 453; Rodenkirk, use of Deitenbach, v. State Farm Mut. Aut. Ins. Co. (Ill. App.) 60 N.E.2d 269; Lumbermens Mut. Casualty Co. v. Pulsifer, (US DC Me.) 41 F. Supp. 249; State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co. v. James, (4th C.C.A.) 80 F. Rep. 2d 802; The Imperial Fire Insurance Co. v. The County of Coos, 151 U.S. 452, 38 L.Ed. 231.
Insured's wife and children composed his household while they dwelled together constantly in a home owned and maintained by the insured for them and himself and which he used as a domicile, although he was absent most of the time. Nelson v. State, 57 Miss. 286; Powers v. Sample, 72 Miss. 187, 16 So. 293; Buckley v. Porter, 160 Miss. 98, 133 So. 215; Moore v. Sykes' Estate, 167 Miss. 212, 149 So. 789; Woodward v. Murray, 18 Johnson's Rep. 400; Arthur v. Morgan, 112 U.S. 495, 28 L.Ed. 825; Central Manufacturers' Mut. Ins. Co. v. Friedman, (Ark.) 209 S.W.2d 102, 1 A.L.R. 557; Pearson v. Miller, 71 Miss. 379, 14 So. 731; Mississippi Ben. Ass'n. v. Majure, (Miss.) 29 So.2d 110; Howell v. Kretz (La. App.) 131 So. 204; Article 120, Louisiana Civil Code; Title 14, Section 16, Alabama Code of 1940.
Where notice of accident and insured's testimony in tort action against him by injured party shows no liability of insurer in automobile liability insurance policy neither insured nor injured party can recover under policy for anything arising out of accident. General Accident Fire Life Assur. Corp. v. Harris, 174 Miss. 834, 78 So. 778; State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co. v. Bonacci (8th C.C.A.) 111 F.2d 412; Harlow v. LaClair, (N.H.) 136 A. 128, 50 A.L.R. 973.
Construction of indemnity insurance contract in its relation to the rights of the indemnitee by the indemnitee and an agent of the indemnitor, although the agent is one of limited authority, which does no violence to the contract, is binding, after it is too late for indemnitor's interests to be conserved by a different construction. General Accident Fire Life Assur. Corp. v. Harris, 117 Miss. 834, 78 So. 778; Powell v. Russell, 88 Miss. 549, 41 So. 5; Sumter Lbr. Co. v. Skipper, 183 Miss. 595; 184 So. 296, Suggestion of Error Overruled, 184 So. 835; Fullerton v. United States Casualty Co. (Iowa) 157 N.W. 700, 6 A.L.R. 367; State Farm Mutual Ins. Co. v. Bonacci (8th C.C.A.) 111 F.2d 412; 12 Am. Jur. 791, Sec. 249.
One who is not a party to an insurance contract, but for whose protection it provides, can stand only upon the terms of the contract, and if he does not bring himself within the terms of the contract, there is no liability in his favor. Adams v. Maryland Casualty Co., 162 Miss. 237, 139 So. 453; Downing v. Home Indemnity Co. of New York, 169 Miss. 13, 152 So. 841; Travelers Indemnity Co. v. Holiman, 174 Miss. 220, 164 So. 36; State Mutual Ins. Co. v. Watkins, 181 Miss. 859, 180 So. 78; United States Fid. Guar. Co. v. Wilson, 184 Miss. 823, 185 So. 802; Aetna Ins. Co. v. Singleton, 174 Miss. 556, 164 So. 13, Saucier v. Life Casualty Ins. Co. of Tenn., 189 Miss. 693, 198 So. 625; St. Paul Mercury Indemnity Co. v. Ritchie, 190 Miss. 8, 198 So. 741; Hefner v. Fidelity Casualty Co. of New York (Tex. Civ. App.) 160 S.W. 330; Travelers Ins. Co. v. Scott (Tex. Civ. App.) 218 S.W. 53; New Amsterdam Casualty Co. v. Hamblen (Tex. Sup. Ct.) 190 S.W.2d 56.
Stipulation in an automobile liability insurance policy made in Texas providing no action will lie against insurer unless suit is instituted within two years and one day after cause of action accrues valid under Texas law must be given effect and enforced in an action on the policy in a Mississippi court. Suggs v. Travelers Insurance Company (Tex. Sup. Ct.) 9 S.W. 676, 1 L.R.A. 847; Commercial Standard Ins. Co. v. Lewallen (Tex. Civ. App.) 46 S.W.2d 355; Gulwell v. St. Paul Fire Marine Ins. Co., (Tex. Civ. App.) 79 S.W. 914; Riddlesbarger v. Hartford Fire Ins Co., 74 U.S. 386, 19 L.Ed. 257; Hartford Accident Ind. Co. v. Delta Pine Land Co., 292 U.S. 143, 78 L.Ed. 1178, 92 A.L.R. 928; Home Ins. Co. v. Dick, 281 U.S. 397, 74 L.Ed. 926; John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Yates, 299 U.S. 178, 81 L.Ed. 106; Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Dunken, 266 U.S. 389, 69 L.Ed. 342; Protective Life Ins. Co. v. Lamarque, 180 Miss. 243, 177 So. 15; Article 5545, Vernon's Civil Statutes of Texas, Article 5054, Vernon's Civil Statute of Texas; Section 740 and 742, Code of 1942.
Appellant brought suit and obtained judgment on April 24, 1942, against B.B. Stewart in the sum of $9,000 for personal injuries suffered in an automobile collision. Thereafter, she filed her bill against appellees for discovery of an automobile liability policy alleged to have been issued covering Stewart. The bill also prayed for decree against the appellees for the balance due upon the judgment, after allowing a credit thereon in the sum of $1,346.56 collected under such judgment. The policy in question was discovered and introduced, and disclosed the following pertinent facts: It was captioned: "Uniform Standard Automobile Policy — Combination Form". It was issued in the name "The Travelers Indemnity Company and the Travelers Fire Insurance Company, Hartford, Connecticut." Liability thereunder for personal injuries was made referable especially to the former insurer. The policy provided "It is agreed that such insurance as is afforded by the policy for bodily injury, liability and property damage liability also applies: to the named insured . . . with respect to the operation of any other private passenger automobile by any such insured . . . provided . . . (b) such use is with the permission of any person having the right to grant such permission; and (c) the automobile is not (1) owned in full or in part by or registered in the name of the named insured or any member of the named insured's household. . . ."
The injury was caused while Stewart was driving an automobile which belonged to his wife, but which was not the automobile described in the policy. The defenses relied upon, were (1) the automobile involved in the collision was owned by a member of the insured's household; (2) there was no notice to the insurer as required by the policy; and (3) the bar of a statute of limitations provided in the policy of two years and one day. The appeal is from a decree dismissing appellant's bill as amended.
There is no question that the policy imposed responsibility upon the insurer to pay any judgment procured against the insured within the provisions of the policy. The matter of notice lies at the threshold of our inquiry. (Hn 1) The policy provides: "Upon the occurrence of an accident written notice shall be given by or on behalf of the insured to the company of any or its authorized agents as soon as practicable. Such notice shall contain particulars sufficient to identify the insured and also reasonably obtainable information respecting the time, place and circumstances of the accident, the name and address of the injured and any available witnesses." The accident happened on January 26, 1941. On February 8th thereafter, the attorneys for Stewart gave notice by way of an extended report of the facts and circumstances of the accident, furnishing all available details thereof. The notice was addressed to Fred M. Burton Company, Galveston, Texas, which was the company which delivered the policies to the insured on behalf of the appellees and collected the premiums thereon. The said agent denied liability. We do not enlarge upon other circumstances and testimony involving the sufficiency of this notice other than to mention that the record shows that the appellee was aware of the suit at law brought against the insured and took no part in its defense. We find that the condition of the policy with respect to notice was fully met.
(Hn 2) A controlling consideration is to be found in answer to an inquiry whether the car involved in the accident was then owned by a member of the insured's household. The record shows without direct dispute that Stewart had been estranged and separated from his wife since 1936. Stewart had purchased, and then owned, the home in which his wife was living in New Orleans, but they were not living together as man and wife for some time before and after the date on which appellant suffered her injury. Stewart had not spent a single night at home for over five or six years, although he visited the home on the rare occasion of holidays, at which times the wife would leave the room in order to avoid him. A divorce was procured by her in March 1944. The estrangement appears, without room for dissent, to have been caused by the infatuation of the insured with another woman with whom he had been living and representing as his wife for some time prior thereto. This woman was a passenger in the car at the time of the wreck. She and Stewart had two children. These facts were known to his wife. Stewart furnished some support to his wife, and maintained a residence in New Orleans. At the time of the accident, he gave as his address an apartment in the City of Mobile, at which he and the other woman resided. In the meantime, the telephone number of the house in New Orleans was retained in the directory under the name of Stewart. The testimony developed other facts completing the background of this estrangement, whose bold outlines alone we deem it necessary to delineate.
We now examine whether, under the provisions of the policy, the wife was at the time of the accident a member of the insured's household within the purpose and purview of the policy.
At the outset, we must discard popular definitions of the term whose liberal generalities are rarely subjected to technical scrutiny. Nor are those cases controlling which apply a definition which recognizes a mere formal status as sufficient to protect an exemptionist. In seeking to expand the meaning to include many diverse situations, the courts, have, without perfect consistency, solved their dilemmas by such test as the fact or obligation of continual support, housing under a single roof, actual dwelling together, absence animo revertendi; constructive presence or actual absence. Divergent results have followed the application of these criteria operating in some cases to establish the status, and in others to deny it. It is not our purpose to bring to view the many decisions which illustrate, not only the application of these tests, but also that the common denominator is the evident purpose of the statute or contract involved. "Household" cannot be satisfactorily defined as an abstract term. Definition by lexicon supplies elements which are seized upon by opposing interests, and isolated from other factors furnish material relevant to contradictory conclusions.
We are dealing with a contract of insurance. We must inquire what the parties thereto meant. Practical considerations must be given play, interpreted in the light of the purpose of the policy provision. This provision has been repeatedly held to reveal an obvious purpose to avoid a multiple coverage of several vehicles owned by members of the same family, who, by their close intimacy, may be expected to use the cars of each other without hindrance and with or without permission, thus increasing the liability of the insurer who has a right to expect each owner to contract for his own coverage. Concession is made to the casual permissive use by the insured of vehicles of other persons, whose permission may be considered episodic or not subject to abuse.
A case directly in point is Heffernan v. Milwaukee Mechanics' Insurance Company, 33 Ohio App. 207, 169 N.E. 33; Id., 121 Ohio St. 499, 169 N.E. 573, 574. Here, the husband and wife had been separated and were living apart. A divorce had been sought but denied, but the husband was ordered to pay alimony. The car of the wife was taken, and claim under her policy was paid by the insurer. It was later found that the car had been taken by the husband, and the insurer brought suit for refund of the coverage paid for its loss. The clause involved in the instant case was the basis for its claim. In holding that there was no ground for recovery, the Ohio Court thus construed the term: "This policy contained a general covenant of insurance against theft; the exception relieved it from theft only if it were committed `by an person or persons in the assured's household.' It is evident that the parties to the contract did not have in mind the common-law rule that a husband or wife cannot steal from one another, but had in mind rather the nonliability of the insurance company when the theft was committed by a member of the household. Had the husband been a member of the household, there would have been no liability under the terms of of the policy. The parties were contracting with reference to the status of the husband and others as members of the household, and, since the husband was not a member of the wife's household at the time of the theft of the Sedan, a liability arose under the policy, because it restricted its nonliability solely to instances where the theft was committed by a person in the assured's household." The Court concluded as follows [ 33 Ohio App. 207, 169 N.E. 34]: "Now the record in this case — as it is conceded that the plaintiff in error and her husband did not and had not lived together for some time — shows that the husband was not a member of her household.
". . . if the insurance company who made this policy wanted to guard against the taking of an automobile by a man who in the eyes of the law is the husband, but as a matter of fact is not a resident or an inmate of the family, either by service or living in the family, it might do so by putting such a provision in the policy. . . .
"The record in this case shows that this car was taken . . . by a person who was not an inmate of her family, and had not been such for a long time. . . .
"The record does show that it was not taken by one who comes within the exception here, and the only loophole on which the defendant in error won, and hopes to win, is because years afterwards it turned out that a husband, who was not living with his family, but who had separated from his wife and family, and was not an inmate of the household, took the car . . . the only fact it relies upon is that because, notwithstanding the broken relation between these persons, or at least the relation strained to such an extent that they lived separate and apart . . . they still were one in the eyes of the law. . . .
"We think the verdict, and the judgment based thereon, is contrary to the weight of the evidence, and is contrary to the law; . . ." Other insurance cases supporting this view include: Andrews v. Commercial Casualty Insurance Company, 128 Neb. 496, 259 N.W. 653; Barrett v. Commercial Standard Insurance Company, Tex. Civ. App., 145 S.W.2d 315; Jackson v. State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Company, La. App., 32 So.2d 52; Island v. Fireman's Fund Indemnity Company, 30 Cal.2d 541, 184 P.2d 153, 173 A.L.R. 896. See also the opinion therein by the California District Court of Appeal, 172 P.2d 520.
A concession that the insured's house in New Orleans was in legal definition a homestead for the purpose of supporting an exemption, and that he recognized a legal, if not a moral, obligation to support his wife, is not at war with a conclusion that he also had a home and household in Mobile, into which he had assembled a separate entourage or domestic entity, with whom he lived on terms of an intimacy which he had denied to his lawful wife, and whom he likewise supported, and whom, by his acts and declarations, he lived with and claimed as his wife. The later divorce procured by the wife established and confirmed a status which had theretofore existed as a fact, and was so recognized by the law, else the divorce would not have been authenticated as a pre-existing fact.
In this connection, the language in Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Company v. Pulsifer, D.C., 41 F. Supp. 249, 251, is in point. The Court said: "Each family retained its own organization under its own head and did not merge to make one family or one household in any such way as the word is used in the policy."
In this connection, we have given weighty but not controlling consideration to the fact that the husband and wife were not living together under the same roof, but have taken into account the reasons therefor, and the further fact that the policy provisions, if there be ambiguity, must be construed favorably to the insured, or those who, as here, acceded to his rights.
(Hn 3) The policy provided that suit thereon by a judgment creditor must be brought within two years and one day from the date the cause of action arose. The judgment against Stewart was procured April 24, 1942. The original bill herein was filed herein on November 8, 1943. The only defendant named was The Travelers Insurance Company. It prayed for a discovery of the policy, and for decree thereon predicated upon the judgment. Answers to interrogatories disclosed for the first time that the policy was issued by The Travelers Indemnity Company and The Traveler Fire Insurance Company, members of a group known as The Travelers. The letterheads of the companies' agent — to cite one example — carried the designation, "The Travelers, The Travelers Insurance Company, The Travelers Indemnity Company. The Travelers Fire Insurance Company", listed in separate lines. As stated, the particular coverage was given by the component unit the Indemnity Company.
In the answer of the appellees to interrogatories, they also made discovery of interlocking control of the three companies. It is revealed that they are housed together in a group of three buildings owned by The Travelers Insurance Company; that the following officers are common to all three: the president, vice-president and general counsel, agency secretary, comptroller, auditor, a vice president and treasurer. Other officials are common to two of the companies. They use a common form of policy. All the stock of the Travelers Indemnity Company, except a few qualifying shares owned by the directors, is owned by The Travelers Insurance Company.
We are impressed that these disclosures were vouchsafed grudgingly and only under legal compulsion. After the interrogatories, as answered, were filed, the complainant amended her bill making these companies defendant. The amended bill was filed April 25, 1945. Other amendments were filed December 24, 1945, and January 4, 1946, amplifying the fact of notice to the defendants.
It is evident that if the limitation began to run on April 24, 1942, the date of the judgment, and was not tolled by the filing of the original bill on November 8, 1943, the bar, if applicable, would be effective.
The amendments perfecting the original bill, both as to the necessary parties and the procedural prerequisites as to notice, did not constitute a new cause of action. This is especially true here since the knowledge of the identity of the parties lay peculiarly within the knowledge of the defendants who had a common agent. There was no prejudice to them. The amendments presented no new picture of the cause of action. Broom v. Southern Railway, etc., 115 Miss. 493, 76 So. 525; Reeves v. Globe Indemnity Company, 185 La. 42, 168 So. 488; 54 C.J.S., Limitations of Actions, §§ 275, 279, 280; McGinnis v. General Exchange Ins. Corporation, 142 Kan. 338, 46 P.2d 876.
In Jackson v. American Employers' Ins. Co., 202 La. 23, 11 So.2d 225, the Court held that: Where three insurance companies were doing business as a group under the title "The Employer's Group of Boston, Mass.", letterheads of which bore the names of all three companies, having the same office for their claim department, the same telephone, same manager and same employees in that department, the filing of suit against one of the companies under mistaken belief it was insurer under policy covering automobile causing injury, after plaintiff's attorney had been led to believe by letter from manager of claim department that the company sued was the company which had issued the policy, was sufficient to interrupt the one-year period of prescription against the company which had issued the policy. The Court concluded: "The original suit, having been brought against the company that had not issued the policy, could not have resulted in a judgment either against that company or against the company that had issued the policy. But the filing of the suit gave sufficient notice to the company that had issued the policy to interrupt prescription. The causes for which the attorney for the plaintiff was misled until the period of prescription had run are attributable to the method of doing business by the claims department of both the defendant in this suit and the defendant in the original suit. There is no accusation — and no evidence or suggestion — of any wilful deception on the part of the manager of the claims department of the Employers' Group. But, in the circumstances of this case, it would be unjust to hold that the filing of the original suit did not interrupt prescription."
There was no finding of facts by the chancellor although that was requested. We have been compelled, therefore, to examine all the principal assignments. It is our conclusion that the learned chancellor erred in dismissing the bill, and that appellant is entitled to a recovery under the policy in the sum of $7,653.44, with interest thereon from April 24, 1942.
Reversed and decree here for appellant.