Summary
holding TCPA did not apply to private communications about business dispute over possible formation of emergency health clinics
Summary of this case from U.S. Anesthesia Partners of Tex., P.A. v. MahanaOpinion
No. 05-18-00654-CV
05-22-2019
Jeffrey ERDNER, D.O. and the Emergency Center at West 7th, LLC, Appellants v. HIGHLAND PARK EMERGENCY CENTER, LLC, Appellee
Highland Park Emergency Center, LLC (HPEC) sued Jeffrey Erdner, D.O. for breach of fiduciary duty. It sued The Emergency Center at West 7th, LLC (West 7th) for aiding and abetting the breach. Specifically, HPEC alleged that Erdner, one of its members, usurped an opportunity to expand HPEC's business operations for his own personal benefit, communicated with investors about forming West 7th to capitalize on the opportunity, and misled HPEC and its other members about his activities.
Appellants filed a motion to dismiss HPEC's claims pursuant to the Texas Citizens Participation Act, TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §§ 27.001 –.011 (the TCPA). Following a hearing, the trial court denied the motion. In two issues, appellants argue the trial court erred by denying the motion to dismiss because the TCPA applies to HPEC's claims and HPEC failed to establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each element of its claims.
The TCPA applies only if HPEC's claims are based on, related to, or in response to appellants' exercise of one of the rights protected by the statute, each of which requires a "communication." Appellants assert they are entitled to the protection of the statute because Erdner's communications with other investors constituted the exercise of the right of association and the right of free speech, as defined by the TCPA.
We conclude appellants failed to meet their burden of establishing the TCPA applies to HPEC's claims because Erdner's communications did not (1) involve the public or citizen's participation required for the exercise of the right of association or (2) relate to a matter of public concern as required for the exercise of the right of free speech. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court's order denying the motion to dismiss.
Background
HPEC, a member-managed limited liability company, operates a freestanding emergency room (FSER) in Dallas. In 2011, Erdner was admitted as a member of HPEC and named as one of its managers. Erdner was considered to be the chief financial officer of HPEC.
On December 16, 2013, Perren Gasc of Centennial Retail Services sent an email to "admin" at HPEC about an "HP Emergency Care Site" in Fort Worth. Gasc indicated the location proposed for a new FSER was a mixed-use project similar to HPEC's location in Dallas. Gasc attached marketing information to the email and inquired as to who would be the best person to speak to regarding the opportunity.
HPEC alleges that Erdner, the only member of HPEC who had access to the "admin" email, became aware of the opportunity but did not disclose it to the other members of HPEC. Instead Erdner contacted investors in Arizona about the opportunity and formed a number of limited liability companies, including West 7th, to hide his conduct. West 7th ultimately built an FSER in the same area as proposed by Gasc in his email.
Erdner, on the other hand, contends the "front desk" at HPEC monitored the "admin" email, and he did not see the email from Gasc. Rather, he was approached in December 2013 by a neighbor and long-time friend who offered him an investment opportunity. The opportunity was available only to Erdner individually and not to the other members of HPEC. Erdner spoke with HPEC's attorney about the investment opportunity and was told the HPEC Company Agreement did not prevent him from taking advantage of the opportunity and he was not required to tell the other members of HPEC about the opportunity. Erdner claims that, because he wanted to be transparent, he disclosed his involvement in the investment opportunity to the other members of HPEC. In a July 20, 2014 email to one of the other members, Erdner stated he had been contacted by a start-up medical company, his work for that company would be from home on his own time, and there would be no shift-work. Erdner stated the new company "deals with a variety of aspects, including medical software, hospital management, ER physician contracts, ER physician management, and hospital/ER development." He represented that most of the new company's work "intends to be outside of Texas," but the company was interested in opening "a limited number of free standing ER's in Texas." Erdner stated the new company had agreed to abide by the non-compete clause in HPEC's Company Agreement, and the work would "by no means affect anything from the HPEC standpoint."
On July 25, 2014, Erdner sent another email, this time to all the other members of HPEC. Erdner stated he was not joining a group of doctors whose "mission" was to open FSERs. Rather, the new company had a primary focus of "micro-hospitals" in states in which FSERs were not protected by law. Following its initial discussions with Erdner, the company expressed an interest in "a minimal FSER involvement in Texas and Colorado." Erdner stated that HPEC was his primary job and responsibility, his commitment and goals toward HPEC were "unwavering," and he would not share "insider information" with the new company.
Erdner withdrew as a member of HPEC on May 2, 2015. West 7th opened an FSER in Fort Worth in June or July of 2016. HPEC alleged that Erdner and his partners subsequently opened an FSER in Arlington and had plans to open one in San Antonio and that Erdner also "parlayed" the initial opportunity for the Fort Worth FSER into four emergency centers in Arizona.
HPEC sued Erdner for breach of fiduciary duty for usurping HPEC's opportunity to open an FSER in Fort Worth and West 7th for aiding and abetting Erdner's conduct. HPEC specifically alleged that Erdner failed to offer or advise HPEC or its members of the Fort Worth opportunity, used "corrupted business judgment" to withhold information about the opportunity from HPEC and its members, made misleading and materially false representations to HPEC and its members about the scope and nature of his separate business dealings, and misappropriated HPEC's confidential and proprietary information for his personal benefit.
Appellants filed a motion to dismiss HPEC's claims pursuant to the TCPA. Appellants asserted that HPEC's claims were based on, related to, or in response to appellants' exercise of their right of association and right of free speech and that HPEC could not produce clear and specific evidence of a prima facie case for each claim. The trial court denied the motion to dismiss, and appellants filed this interlocutory appeal.
Applicable Law and Standard of Review
The TCPA "protects citizens ... from retaliatory lawsuits that seek to intimidate or silence them." In re Lipsky , 460 S.W.3d 579, 584 (Tex. 2015) (orig. proceeding). The stated purpose of the statute is to "encourage and safeguard the constitutional rights of persons to petition, speak freely, associate freely, and otherwise participate in government to the maximum extent permitted by law and, at the same time, protect the rights of a person to file meritorious lawsuits for demonstrable injury." TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.002 ; see also ExxonMobil Pipeline Co. v. Coleman , 512 S.W.3d 895, 898 (Tex. 2017) (per curiam) ( Coleman II ). We construe the TCPA "liberally to effectuate its purpose and intent fully." TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.011(b) ; see also State ex rel. Best v. Harper , 562 S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex. 2018).
"To effectuate the statute's purpose, the Legislature has provided a two-step procedure to expedite the dismissal of claims brought to intimidate or to silence a defendant's exercise of [the] First Amendment Rights" protected by the statute. Coleman II , 512 S.W.3d at 898 ; see also TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §§ 27.003(a), .005(b); Youngkin v. Hines , 546 S.W.3d 675, 679 (Tex. 2018). The movant bears the initial burden of showing by a preponderance of the evidence that the legal action is based on, relates to, or is in response to the movant's exercise of the right of free speech, the right to petition, or the right of association. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.005(b) ; see also S & S Emergency Training Sols., Inc. v. Elliott , 564 S.W.3d 843, 847 (Tex. 2018). If the movant makes this showing, the burden shifts to the non-movant to establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each essential element of its claims. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.005(c) ; see Elliott , 564 S.W.3d at 847.
Whether the TCPA applies to HPEC's claims is an issue of statutory interpretation that we review de novo. See Youngkin , 546 S.W.3d at 680. In construing the statute, we "ascertain and give effect to the Legislature's intent as expressed in the language of the statute." Harper , 562 S.W.3d at 11 ; see also Travis Cent. Appraisal Dist. v. Norman , 342 S.W.3d 54, 58 (Tex. 2011) ("Legislative intent ... remains the polestar of statutory construction." (internal citations omitted)). We consider both the specific statutory language at issue and the statute as a whole. In re Office of Att'y Gen. , 422 S.W.3d 623, 629 (Tex. 2013) (orig. proceeding); see also Youngkin , 546 S.W.3d at 680 ("[L]egislative intent derives from an act as a whole rather than from isolated portions of it.").
We endeavor to read the statute contextually, giving effect to every word, clause, and sentence. In re Office of Att'y Gen. , 422 S.W.3d at 629 ; see also Norman , 342 S.W.3d at 58 (noting courts should "never" apply requirement that Legislature clearly and unambiguously express its intent to waive immunity "mechanically to defeat the law's purpose or the Legislature's intent"). We apply the statute's words according to their plain and common meaning, "unless a contrary intention is apparent from the context, or unless such a construction leads to absurd results." Youngkin , 546 S.W.3d at 680 ; see also Molinet v. Kimbrell , 356 S.W.3d 407, 411 (Tex. 2011) ("The plain meaning of the text is the best expression of legislative intent unless a different meaning is apparent from the context or the plain meaning leads to absurd or nonsensical results."). Although we must adhere to the definitions supplied by the Legislature in the TCPA, Adams v. Starside Custom Builders, LLC , 547 S.W.3d 890, 894 (Tex. 2018) ; Youngkin , 546 S.W.3d at 680, in the process of applying those "isolated" definitions, we are required to construe individual words and provisions in the context of the statute as a whole, Youngkin , 546 S.W.3d at 680–81.
Analysis
In their first issue, appellants assert they met their initial burden of showing the TCPA applies because HPEC's claims are based on, related to, or in response to appellants' exercise of the right of association or the right of free speech. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.005(b). Both the right of association and the right of free speech, as defined by the TCPA, require a "communication," see TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.001(2) – (3), which includes "the making or submitting of a statement or document in any form or medium, including oral, visual, written, audiovisual, or electronic, id. § 27.001(1).
The communications referenced in HPEC's petition include (1) Gasc's email about the opportunity to build an FSER in Fort Worth; (2) Erdner's communications with the Arizona investors about opening an FSER in Fort Worth; and (3) Erdner's emails to the other HPEC members in July 2014 in which he allegedly misrepresented the scope and purpose of the company with which he had been having discussions. However, in their appellate brief, appellants rely only on Erdner's communications with the Arizona investors to support their contentions that HPEC's claims are based on, related to, or in response to appellants' exercise of their right of association or of free speech.
Whether a legal action is based on, related to, or in response to the exercise of a protected right is determined based on the claims made in the non-movant's petition. Hersh v. Tatum , 526 S.W.3d 462, 467 (Tex. 2017).
Neither the form nor the actual substance of Erdner's communications with the Arizona investors are in the appellate record. However, the parties do not dispute that the communications occurred and encompassed at least the formation of a company to build an FSER.
Exercise of Right of Association
The TCPA broadly defines the "exercise of the right of association" as "a communication between individuals who join together to collectively express, promote, pursue, or defend common interests." TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.001(2) ; see also Kawcak v. Antero Res. Corp. , No. 02-18-00301-CV, ––– S.W.3d ––––, ––––, 2019 WL 761480, at *6 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Feb. 21, 2019, pet. filed). Appellants argue they met their burden of establishing the TCPA applies to HPEC's claims because Erdner and the Arizona investors communicated to "promote and pursue their common interest in forming an LLC to open and operate an FSER in the West 7th project."
This Court has concluded that "to constitute an exercise of the right of association under the [TCPA], the nature of the ‘communication between individuals who join together’ must involve public or citizen's participation." Dyer v. Medoc Health Servs., LLC , No. 05-18-00472-CV, ––– S.W.3d ––––, ––––, 2019 WL 1090733, at *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas Mar. 8, 2019, pet. filed) (quoting ExxonMobil Pipeline Co. v. Coleman , 464 S.W.3d 841, 847 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015) ( Coleman I ), rev'd on other grounds , Coleman II , 512 S.W.3d at 900–01 (Tex. 2017) ). The communications between Erdner and the Arizona investors were private communications relating to establishing a business to open an FSER in Fort Worth. Because those communications did not involve public or citizen's participation, it would be "illogical" for those communications to support a right of association under the TCPA. Id. ; Coleman I , 464 S.W.3d at 847 ; Kawcak , ––– S.W.3d at ––––, 2019 WL 761480, at *5 (concluding definition of "common" under right of association in TCPA "embrace[s] a larger set defined by the public or at least a group").
We conclude appellants failed to establish the TCPA applies to HPEC's claims based on appellants' exercise of their right of association. Exercise of Right of Free Speech
As defined by the TCPA, the "exercise of the right of free speech" is a communication made in connection with a matter of public concern. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.001(3). A "matter of public concern" includes an issue related to health or safety; environmental, economic, or community well-being; the government; a public official or public figure; or a good, product, or service in the marketplace. Id. § 27.001(7). Appellants argue they met their burden of establishing the TCPA applies to HPEC's claims because Erdner's communications with the Arizona investors were made in connection with health, community well-being, and a service in the marketplace.
Private communications made in connection with a matter of public concern fall within the TCPA's definition of the exercise of the right of free speech under the TCPA. Lippincott v. Whisenhunt , 462 S.W.3d 507, 509 (Tex. 2015) (per curiam). Further, the TCPA does not require that communications specifically "mention" a matter of public concern or have more than a "tangential relationship" to such a matter. Coleman II , 512 S.W.3d at 900. Rather, the TCPA applies so long as the movant's statements are "in connection with" "issue[s] related to" any of the matters of public concern listed in the statute. Id.
The TCPA, however, "has its limits" and not every communication falls under the statute. In re IntelliCentrics, Inc. , No. 02-18-00280-CV, 2018 WL 5289379, at *4 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Oct. 25, 2018, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.); see also Dyer , ––– S.W.3d at ––––, 2019 WL 1090733, at *6. A private communication made in connection with a business dispute is not a matter of public concern under the TCPA. Staff Care, Inc. v. Eskridge Enters., LLC , No. 05-18-00732-CV, 2019 WL 2121116, at *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas May 15, 2019, no pet. h.) (mem. op.); see also Brugger v. Swinford , No. 14-16-00069-CV, 2016 WL 4444036, at *3 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Aug. 23, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.). Further, if a communication itself does not relate to a matter of public concern, a contention that it will result in a matter of public concern is not sufficient to establish the TCPA applies. Nguyen v. Hoang , 318 F.Supp.3d 983, 1001 (S.D. Tex. 2018).
In this case, HPEC alleges Erdner usurped a corporate opportunity in December 2013. All of Erdner's communications with the Arizona investors occurred after the alleged wrongdoing and related to the formation of a business that was considering offering healthcare services in the marketplace in the future. There is no evidence that Erdner's communications with the Arizona investors were about the existence of healthcare services in the market or an issue relating to current community well-being; rather, at most, the communications were about the formation of a business and the possible scope of its future activities. Using a "wispy" definition of "tangential," the dissent argues those communications are tangentially related to health and community well-being because the communications "projected" or "proposed" the building of an FSER. The dissent then attempts to analogize Erdner's communications about the formation of a business to a situation where citizens are discussing a proposal to build a nuclear power plant in their community, presumably by a business already in existence and ready to offer that service.
Erdner's communications, however, did not involve a proposal to the community to build anything anywhere. Rather, those communications involved, at most, the potential formation of a company that might, in the future, have the resources to acquire the right to build an FSER somewhere in a general area. The fact that the communications could result in healthcare service being offered to the public at some location at some point in the future is not enough to bring them within the scope of the TCPA. See Nguyen , 318 F.Supp.3d at 1001.
The communications in this case, therefore, are distinguishable from those in Coleman II , which involved oral discussions about an employee's alleged failure to gauge a storage tank, implicating existing environmental, health, safety, and economic risks, see Coleman II , 512 S.W.3d at 901, and Lippincott , which involved email communications about a healthcare provider's failure to provide adequate care to patients, implicating existing health concerns, see Lippincott , 462 S.W.3d at 509–10.
We recognize that we may not "substitute the words of a statute in order to give effect to what we believe a statute should say." Coleman II , 512 S.W.3d at 901. However, in defining "exercise of the right of free speech" in the TCPA, the Legislature required that a protected communication be made in connection with a matter of public concern. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.001(3). This statutory requirement is satisfied if the communication has a "tangential relationship" to a matter of public concern. Coleman II , 512 S.W.3d at 900. But, a communication cannot have a "tangential relationship" to a matter of public concern that does not yet exist. See Nguyen , 318 F.Supp.3d at 1001.
Further, if a "matter of public concern" encompasses communications about possibly forming a business that intends at some point to offer healthcare or other goods, products, or services in the marketplace, no communication pertaining to a business that offers, or intends to offer, such goods, products, or services would fall outside the reach of the statute. Construing the statute to denote that all private business discussions are a "matter of public concern" if the business offers a good, service, or product in the marketplace or is related to health or safety is a potentially absurd result that was not contemplated by the Legislature. See, e.g., Brugger , 2016 WL 4444036, at *3 (concluding communications made in connection with business dispute was not matter of public concern under TCPA); I-10 Colony, Inc. v. Lee , No. 01-14-00465-CV, 2015 WL 1869467, at *5 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 23, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (concluding that because fraud claim was based on allegation that lawyer fraudulently represented to plaintiff that lawyer would comply with a previous judgment, rather than on communications about lawyer's service in the marketplace, TCPA did not apply).
We conclude appellants failed to establish the TCPA applies to HPEC's claims based on appellants' exercise of their right of free speech.
Conclusion
We resolve appellants' first issue against them and affirm the trial court's order denying appellants' TCPA motion to dismiss. Based on our resolution of appellants' first issue, we need not address their second issue. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.
CONCURRING AND DISSENTING OPINION
Concurring and Dissenting Opinion by Justice Whitehill
The majority affirms the trial court's order denying appellants' TCPA dismissal motion because Erdner's communications (i) were not public as this Court requires for the communications to qualify as an exercise of the right of association and (ii) do not relate to a matter of public concern, such as health, community well-being, or a service in the marketplace, as the statute requires for the communications to qualify as an exercise of the right of free speech.
I concur in the first holding because our precedents compel it, but those controlling precedents were wrongly decided.
I disagree with the second holding because Erdner's communications at least tangentially related to health and community well-being and thus qualify as an exercise of the right of free speech.
I. RIGHT OF ASSOCIATION
Under the TCPA, the phrase "exercise of the right of association" means "a communication between individuals who join together to collectively express, promote, pursue, or defend common interests." TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 27.001(2). That's it. The statute says nothing about the relevant communication needing to be public.
In ExxonMobil Pipeline Co. v. Coleman , we added an element to the statutory definition. 464 S.W.3d 841 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015), rev'd on other grounds , 512 S.W.3d 895 (Tex. 2017) (per curiam). Specifically, we held that a communication otherwise fitting the plain statutory text still isn't an exercise of the association right unless the communication also involves "public or citizen's participation." Id. at 848.
Although the Texas Supreme Court reversed our judgment, it did so on free speech grounds and did not address our right of association holding. 512 S.W.3d at 902. Thus, our right of association holding in Coleman remains the law in this district. See Dyer v. Medoc Health Servs., LLC , No. 05-18-00472-CV, ––– S.W.3d ––––, –––– – ––––, 2019 WL 1090733, at *5–6 (Tex. App.—Dallas Mar. 8, 2019, pet. filed).
We erred in Coleman by adding an element to the statutory definition of exercise of the right of association. We lack constitutional authority to amend statutes and erred by doing so, no matter how much we disagree with what the legislature did.
As the supreme court said when it corrected our similar error construing the TCPA's free speech prong, "[a] court may not judicially amend a statute by adding words that are not contained in the language of the statute." Coleman , 512 S.W.3d at 900 (internal quotations omitted). But we cannot correct our error unless and until we revisit the issue en banc or a higher authority changes the law. MobileVision Imaging Servs., L.L.C. v. LifeCare Hosps. of N. Tex., L.P. , 260 S.W.3d 561, 566 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). Accordingly, I concur in the majority's holding regarding the right of association.
II. RIGHT OF FREE SPEECH
A. Did Erdner pass the TCPA's first step test?
Are communications about opening a new emergency room at least tangentially related to health or community well-being? Yes, emergency room services facially concern health and community well-being.
1. "Related to" = Tangentially Related to = Very Broad
A communication is an exercise of the right of free speech if it is made "in connection with a matter of public concern." CIV. PRAC. § 27.001(3). The statute defines "matter of public concern" as "includ[ing] an issue related to ... health or safety [or] community well-being [or] a good, product, or service in the marketplace." Id. § 27.001(7)(A), (B), (E). Because Erdner's communications relate to health or community well-being, there is no need to consider whether they also relate to a service in the marketplace.
The supreme court's Coleman opinion instructs that a communication need not specifically mention the public concern to qualify as an exercise of free speech, nor does the communication have to bear more than a tangential relationship to a matter of public concern to qualify. 512 S.W.3d at 900. That is, a tangential relationship to a matter of public concern is enough to satisfy the statute.
Dictionaries confirm that tangential is a common word that conjures wispiness:
• "touching lightly or in the most tenuous way: incidental," WEBSTER'S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY (1981);
• "hardly touching a matter; peripheral," THE NEW OXFORD AMERICAN DICTIONARY (2001);
• "merely touching; slightly connected," http://www.dictionary.com (last visited May 3, 2019).
The supreme court's broad interpretation of the "relates to" test in Coleman was not a bolt from the blue. Courts have repeatedly recognized in many contexts that "relates to" is a very broad term. See, e.g. , O'Banion v. Inland W. Clear Lake Gulf Shores GP, LLC , No. 01-15-00704-CV, 2017 WL 5494695, at *10 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 16, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op.) (construing a court decree); AdvoCare GP, LLC v. Heath , No. 05-16-00409-CV, 2017 WL 56402, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan. 5, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op.) (construing an arbitration clause); RSR Corp. v. Siegmund , 309 S.W.3d 686, 701 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.) (construing a consent-to-jurisdiction clause); In re Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP , No. 05-08-01395-CV, 2008 WL 5413097, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 31, 2008, orig. proceeding [mand. denied] ) (mem. op.) (same).
2. Applying the "Related to" Test
Erdner is a D.O. He was an HPEC member and manager, and he served as its CFO. Although we don't know exactly what he told the Arizona investors, the parties do not dispute that the communications occurred and encompassed at least the building of a new Fort Worth freestanding emergency room. Did those communications at least tangentially relate to health or community well-being? Yes.
Erdner's alleged communications concerned building an emergency room in a particular location. A new emergency room would affect access to medical treatment for everyone in the surrounding area, both residents and transients. Its business could also affect nearby businesses and the quality of life of nearby residents. These are matters affecting health and community well-being. Thus, Erdner's alleged communications have the necessary tangential relationship to these two matters of public concern.
The majority opinion errs by positing that the alleged communications do not relate to existing health care services or current community well-being. This is an unduly narrow interpretation of a statute that the supreme court consistently applies broadly. The locale in which the emergency room was projected to be built had certain existing qualities affecting the health and community well-being of the surrounding area. Proposing to add a new emergency room has immediate implications for nearby citizens' health and community well-being. This is enough to satisfy the "relates to" nexus as the supreme court instructs us to apply it.
For example, suppose local residents discuss proposals for building a nuclear plant in their neighborhood, and in their discussions they emphatically express concern about the facility's possible impact on their health and safety or the community's general well-being. Then the would-be plant owners sue the residents for defamatory statements the residents made about them during the residents' emphatic expressions. Even though the discussions concern a future nuclear power plant, they exemplify the core concerns that prompted the legislature to adopt the TCPA—citizens' ability to speak freely about legislatively defined matters of public concern. However, because the nuclear plant has not yet been built, the majority opinion would block these concerned citizens' ability to protect themselves from powerful forces seeking to squelch their opposition through oppressive litigation.
Likewise, discussions about starting a new emergency room are at least tangentially related to the current and future health of people in the area and to the surrounding community's well-being. Thus, those communications are exercises of his TCPA defined free speech rights, and Erdner carried his step one TCPA applicability burden.
B. What about the TCPA's step two test?
Did HPEC satisfy the TCPA's second step prima facie case test, which may require nothing more than that HPEC complied with its already existing good faith pleading requirements? See CIV. PRAC. § 10.001. Because pleadings are evidence for TCPA purposes, see Breakaway Practice, LLC v. Lowther , No. 05-18-00229-CV, 2018 WL 6695544, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 20, 2018, pet. filed) (mem. op.), § 10.001 compliance may be all the TCPA requires of a nonmovant to meet its step two prima facie case burden. But because the majority opinion does not reach whether HPEC met its step two burden, neither do I.
III. CONCLUSION
Accordingly I concur in part, dissent in part, and dissent from the judgment affirming the trial court's order.