Opinion
October 4, 1957.
November 12, 1957.
Workmen's compensation — Award — Disability — Loss of earning power — Subsequent receipt of equal wages — Suspension of payments — Weekly payments as wages or otherwise — Ability to earn wages in employment for which fitted — Termination of agreement — Inconsistent findings of board — Appellate review — Workmen's Compensation Act.
1. In a workmen's compensation case, where there is disability and loss of earning power, but the employe receives as much in wages for his services as he did before the injury, an award may be made but the payment of compensation must be suspended.
2. Section 306(b) of the Workmen's Compensation Act, as amended, refers to the actual amount of wages received, regardless of the rate of pay and the lack of opportunity for employment.
3. The proper test to be applied in determining whether the power to earn has been diminished is the claimant's ability to earn wages in any kind of employment for which he is fitted.
4. While the board is the ultimate arbiter of the facts and its findings are binding on appeal if supported by competent evidence, the appellate court may review questions of law, including whether the law has been properly applied to the facts.
5. Where the decision of the compensation authorities is against the party having the burden of proof, the question before the appellate court is whether the findings of fact are consistent with each other and can be sustained without a capricious disregard of the evidence.
6. In a workmen's compensation case, in which it appeared that, in May, claimant fractured his ankle while in the course of his employment as a car salesman, at a weekly wage of $75.71, and an open agreement was executed for the payment of compensation for total disability; that in September a petition by the employer to terminate was dismissed by the compensation authorities and it was directed to pay compensation for total disability to September 15, and for ten per cent partial disability thereafter; that in June claimant and his father had commenced a partnership automobile agency business, to which the father contributed the capital and claimant his services and experience; that claimant actively managed the business, devoted his full time to it, and received $100 per week; and that the board found that this weekly payment did not represent wages "inasmuch as the business operated at a loss"; it was Held, as a matter of law, that the weekly payments to claimant represented wages, and that whether the business itself was profitable was immaterial.
7. Clingan v. Fairchance Lumber Co., 166 Pa. Super. 331, distinguished.
8. Where it further appeared that the board found that claimant's ten per cent partial disability resulted in a "corresponding loss of earning power" and inconsistently stated that "the extent of claimant's disability does not materially affect his earning power either as an automobile salesman . . . or as general manager of an automobile sales agency"; and that the testimony of defendant's medical witnesses was to the effect that claimant's disability did not diminish his ability to earn wages in the kind of employment for which he was fitted, and that there was no competent testimony to the contrary; it was Held that (a) the disregard by the compensation authorities of this evidence was clearly capricious and could not be sustained on appeal; and (b) the award was to be limited to compensation for total disability to September 17 and the agreement terminated as of that date.
Before RHODES, P.J., HIRT, GUNTHER, WRIGHT, WOODSIDE, ERVIN, and WATKINS, JJ.
Appeal, No. 341, Oct. T., 1957, from judgment of Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County, April T., 1957, No. 1 W.C.B., in case of Francis H. Ede, Jr. v. Ruhe Motor Corporation and Standard Accident Insurance Co. Judgment vacated and record remanded.
Appeal by defendants from decision of Workmen's Compensation Board refusing petition to terminate compensation agreement.
Order entered dismissing appeal and directing judgment for claimant, opinion by HENNINGER, P.J. Defendants appealed.
Robert F. Blanck, with him Boyd H. Walker, Glenn A. Troutman, and McWilliams, Wagoner Troutman, for appellants.
David B. Skillman, for appellee.
Argued October 4, 1957.
This is a workmen's compensation case. On May 28, 1954, Francis H. Ede, Jr. fell and fractured his right ankle while making a business call in the course of his employment as a car salesman for the Ruhe Motor Corporation. His weekly wage at the time of the accident was $75.71. An open agreement was executed calling for the payment of compensation for total disability. The employer filed a petition to terminate the agreement as of September 13, 1954. The Referee dismissed the petition to terminate, and directed the employer to pay compensation for total disability to September 17, 1954, and for fifteen percent partial disability thereafter. Upon the employer's appeal, the Board modified the finding of partial disability to ten percent, and ordered payment on that basis. Upon the employer's appeal to the court of common pleas, judgment was entered on the Board's award. This appeal by the employer to the Superior Court followed.
While this date was amended at the hearing to August 20, 1954, it is not now disputed that the correct date should be September 17, 1954.
The testimony before the Referee established that on or about June 25, 1954, appellee and his father, a lawyer engaged in active practice in Northampton County, commenced a partnership business known as the Ede Motor Company. Appellee terminated his employment with the Ruhe Motor Corporation for the purpose of managing this new venture. Since July 2, 1954, appellee has received payments of $100.00 per week, $20.00 of which was withheld for income tax. The following appears in the testimony (italics supplied): "Q. Mr. Ede, you have been earning at least $100.00 a week since July second. A. That is correct".
Dr. Reno, an orthopedic specialist, testified on behalf of appellant that appellee still suffered from instability of the ankle joint secondary to a widening of the mortise, but that "for his occupation at that time he was able to continue his duties". This witness stated on cross-examination that appellee's disability "for general work" would be approximately fifteen percent. Dr. White, appellee's attending physician, testified on behalf of appellant that the date of his last treatment was September 17, 1954, and that appellee then had no permanent disability. On cross-examination, Dr. White stated that, "with reference to general disability", appellee still had "a slight widening of the ankle mortise", but that there was no disability so far as appellee's ordinary occupation was concerned. Appellee called no medical witnesses. Both appellee and his father testified that the $100.00 weekly payments were drawn against appellee's half of the anticipated profits. The father further testified that the business had operated at a loss; that appellee "could have been replaced at $35.00 a week"; and that "if I didn't let him have it one way I would have to take it out of the other pocket and give it to him".
Appellant contends that, within the meaning of section 306(b) of the Workmen's Compensation Act, appellee (1) has not suffered a loss of wages; and (2) has not suffered a loss of earning power. We are in agreement with both of these contentions, notwithstanding the fact that we do not question the finding of the Board that appellee has a ten percent partial disability. While the Board is the ultimate arbiter of the facts and its findings are binding on appeal if supported by competent evidence, the appellate court may review questions of law, including whether the law has been properly applied to the facts: Kracoski v. Bernice White Ash Coal Co., 183 Pa. Super. 155, 130 A.2d 190.
Act of 1915, P.L. 736, section 306(b), as amended, 77 P.S. 512.
(1) There is a distinction between wages and earning power. Where there is disability and loss of earning power, but the employe receives as much in wages for his services as he did before the injury, an award may be made but the payment of compensation must be suspended: Scipani v. Pressed Steel Car Co., 150 Pa. Super. 410, 28 A.2d 502. And see the well considered opinion by Judge (now Mr. Justice) ARNOLD in Holtz v. McGraw Bindley, 161 Pa. Super. 371, 54 A.2d 905. Section 306(b) of the statute, as amended, refers to the actual amount of wages received, regardless of the rate of pay and the lack of opportunity for employment: Liberatori v. Scott Smith Cadillac Co., 172 Pa. Super. 121, 92 A.2d 557.
As conceded by his able counsel, the question whether the $100.00 weekly payments received by appellee constituted wages is one of law. On this question the Referee concluded that "the $100.00 a week drawing account which respondent [appellee] had against possible future profits of the partnership cannot be considered as earnings". This conclusion was not modified by the Board. The court below apparently assumed that $35.00 of the $100.00 represented wages, and that the balance was "either a gratuity from the father or an advance payment of expectant profits". The compensation authorities, as did the lower court, took the position that the instant situation was controlled by our decision in Clingan v. Fairchance Lumber Co., 166 Pa. Super. 331, 71 A.2d 839. In that case, following a disabling accident, claimant purchased a grocery store which was operated by himself and the members of his family. The work performed by claimant was extremely limited, and consumed only about an hour a day. The testimony showed that the net profits amounted to approximately $150.00 a month during 1945, and $260.00 a month during 1946. These amounts represented the combined efforts of the claimant, his wife, and his four daughters. Discussing the claimant's services in contributing to the income of the business, Judge HIRT said: "The testimony in this case does not even tend to establish that the profits of the business are the result of claimant's management or his efforts and there is no other evidence of his ability to earn an income".
The case at bar presents an entirely different situation. Appellee took over the active management of the business of the partnership. The father contributed the capital, and appellee's contribution was his service and experience as the former employe of an automobile agency. He began work when the business opened, and the evidence shows that he has been on the job ever since, both during the day and in the evenings. The Board stated that he is "devoting his full time to this enterprise and performing substantially all the duties of his occupation". For this service he received $100.00 per week, subject to a deduction for withholding tax. We do not agree with the position of the Board that this weekly payment did not represent wages "inasmuch as the business operated at a loss". The legal conclusion made necessary by the testimony is that claimant received $100.00 per week as wages from his employment. Whether the business itself was profitable is immaterial.
(2) Our disposition of the first question, as heretofore indicated, would require only a suspension of the award. This would not be a permanent solution of the case, provided the payments to appellee should subsequently be reduced below $75.71 per week. We therefore prefer to rest our decision upon appellant's second contention, which will require only brief discussion. Since the decision of the compensation authorities was against the party having the burden of proof, here the appellant, the question before us is whether the findings of fact are consistent with each other and can be sustained without a capricious disregard of the evidence: Hollenbach v. North Wales Foundry Co., 184 Pa. Super. 571, 136 A.2d 148.
The Board's finding that appellee's ten percent partial disability resulted in a "corresponding loss of earning power" is obviously inconsistent with the statement in the Board's opinion that "the extent of claimant's disability does not materially affect his earning power either as an automobile salesman . . . or as general manager of an automobile sales agency". The proper test to be applied in determining whether the power to earn has been diminished is the claimant's ability to earn wages in any kind of employment for which he is fitted: Garvin v. Philadelphia Transportation Co., 173 Pa. Super. 15, 94 A.2d 72. The testimony of appellant's medical witnesses, heretofore detailed, was that appellee's disability did not diminish his ability to earn wages in any kind of employment for which he is fitted. In the absence of any competent testimony to the contrary, the disregard by the compensation authorities of this evidence was clearly capricious and, even though not disturbed by the court below, cannot be here sustained. The award must be limited to compensation for total disability to September 17, 1954, and the agreement terminated as of that date.
The judgment of the court below is vacated, and the record is remanded for the entry of judgment in accordance with this opinion.