Opinion
[P.C. No. 94, September Term, 1959.]
Decided July 5, 1960.
CRIMINAL LAW — Insanity Plea And Commitment For Observation — Preliminary Hearing As To Sanity Not Constitutionally Required After Commitment And Before Trial, Where There Was No Prior Adjudication. The petitioner in the instant post conviction proceeding, after being indicted for a criminal offense and pleading insanity and not guilty, was sent to a State hospital for the insane for observation. He was returned with a report expressing the opinion that he was sane, and a jury thereafter found him sane at the time of the offense and at the time of the trial, and returned a verdict of guilty. This Court found no violation of constitutional rights in the failure to hold a preliminary hearing after commitment and prior to trial on the question of sanity, stating that such a hearing was unnecessary under the circumstances. The case was distinguished from other cases on the ground that here there was no prior adjudication on the question, the commitment being simply for purposes of observation. It was also noted that competent counsel represented the accused. pp. 642-643
J.E.B.
Decided July 5, 1960.
John Joseph Dwyer, Jr., instituted a proceeding under the Post Conviction Procedure Act, and from a denial of relief, he applied for leave to appeal.
Application denied.
Before BRUNE, C.J., and HENDERSON, HAMMOND and HORNEY, JJ.
This applicant for leave to appeal from a denial of post conviction relief was indicted in January, 1956, for assault with intent to rob. He was tried in November, 1957, convicted by a jury, and sentenced to five years. The record shows that his attorney filed pleas of insanity and of not guilty on April 3, 1956, and, pursuant to order of court, he was sent to Spring Grove State Hospital for the insane for observation, to be returned to stand trial "at the expiration of the period of observation." He remained in the institution until October, 1957, when he was returned with a report expressing the opinion that he was sane. The case was thereupon set for trial, and after hearing all the evidence, the jury found that he was sane at the time of the offense, sane at the time of trial, and guilty as charged. He took no appeal from the sentence.
The court below took the view that the questions of sanity were res judicata, relying upon the decisions of this Court in the habeas corpus cases of Kohnen v. Warden, 202 Md. 658, 659, and Clements v. Warden, 211 Md. 628. The further point was made in the Kohnen case that habeas corpus is not available as a remedy, even if "the court erred in sentencing an escaped insane patient," citing Myers v. Halligan, 244 Fed. 420 (C.C.A. 9th Cir.). This would also be true of post conviction relief, unless there were shown to be a denial of procedural due process. But the petitioner in the instant case contends that he could not constitutionally be tried, after commitment to the institution, unless and until there was a "sanity hearing" to determine that he was competent to stand trial.
In Robinson v. Johnston, 50 F. Supp. 774 (D.C. Cal.), it was held that it was a denial of due process for the court to accept a plea of guilty from an accused, known to have been previously adjudicated insane, without the appointment of counsel, and without any finding as to sanity. In Gunther v. United States, 215 F.2d 493 (C.C.A.D.C.), it was held that the failure to make a preliminary finding of sanity, after a prior finding of insanity and commitment, violated the statute prescribing the Federal procedure. These cases are readily distinguishable. In the instant case there was no prior adjudication, the commitment being simply for purposes of observation. The accused was represented by competent counsel, and we think the issues were properly submitted to the jury without the necessity for any preliminary hearing under the circumstances. We find no violation of constitutional rights.
Application denied.