Opinion
No. 19-72249
09-16-2020
DANN LEE DUNCAN; KATHRINE GAY DUNCAN, Petitioners-Appellants, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent-Appellee.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
Tax Ct. No. 26727-13 MEMORANDUM Appeal from a Decision of the United States Tax Court Before: TASHIMA, SILVERMAN, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Dann Lee Duncan and Kathrine Gay Duncan appeal pro se from the Tax Court's order denying their petition challenging a deficiency in their 2008 joint income tax. We have jurisdiction under 26 U.S.C. § 7482(a)(1). We review de novo the Tax Court's legal conclusions, and for clear error its factual determinations. Hongsermeier v. Comm'r, 621 F.3d 890, 899 (9th Cir. 2010). We affirm.
The Tax Court properly determined that the notice of deficiency for tax year 2008 was timely. See 26 U.S.C. § 6501(a) (providing that a deficiency must generally be assessed within three years from the date the taxpayer files his or her federal income tax return); 26 U.S.C. § 6501(c)(4) (stating that a taxpayer may consent in writing to the extension of the three-year period for the assessment of tax).
The Tax Court properly upheld the Commissioner's determination of deficiency because the amount paid to Mr. Duncan for his legal services was not excludable from his gross income as a gift. See 26 U.S.C. § 61 (broadly defining gross income); Comm'r v. Dunkin, 500 F.3d 1065, 1069 (9th Cir. 2007) ("[E]xclusions from gross income are construed narrowly in favor of taxation."); see also Comm'r v. Duberstein, 363 U.S. 278, 286 (1960) ("A gift in the statutory sense . . . proceeds from a detached and disinterested generosity . . . out of affection, respect, admiration, charity or like impulses." (citations and internal quotation marks omitted)).
The Tax Court did not clearly err in finding that taxpayers were not entitled to the alleged deductions because they failed to meet their burden of clearly showing a right to the deductions. See Sparkman v. Comm'r, 509 F.3d 1149, 1159 (9th Cir. 2007) (explaining that the taxpayer bears the burden of clearly showing the right to the claimed deduction).
We reject as meritless taxpayers' contention that the IRS violated their due process rights.
The Commissioner's request to dismiss Mrs. Duncan from this appeal is denied.
AFFIRMED.