Opinion
Nos. 95-3055 and 95-3241.
Filed August 5, 1996.
Mark W. Works, Topeka, Kansas, appearing for Appellant.
Donald Patterson, Fisher, Patterson, Sayler Smith, Topeka, KS, for Appellees Murray Ohio and Wal-Mart Stores.
Appellees Murray Ohio, Wal-Mart Stores, and Shimano American filed a joint brief.
David E. Larson, Larson Larson, Kansas City, Missouri (Randall W. Schroer with him on the brief), for Appellee Shimano American.fn_
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District Of Kansas.
(D. Ct. No. 94-CV-4022)
Before TACHA, MCWILLIAMS, and BALDOCK, Circuit Judges.
On February 21, 1992, Shane Duffee was struck by a car while riding his bicycle. By and through his guardian and next of friend Rose Thornton, Duffee sued Wal-Mart, Murray Ohio Manufacturing Company, and Shimano American, Inc., alleging warning, design, and manufacturing defects under negligence, strict liability, and warranty theories. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of Wal-Mart and Murray on all claims on February 8, 1995. The court granted summary judgment in favor of Shimano on all claims on July 24, 1995. After careful review of the record, we adopt the analysis of the district court's February 8, 1995, and July 24, 1995, orders.
In the February 8 order, the district court determined that testimony from Duffee's expert regarding the safety of the brakes on Duffee's bike was inadmissible under Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 113 S.Ct. 2786 (1993). The only issue that this court must reach is the question of which standard should be used to review decisions to exclude expert testimony under Daubert that result in summary judgment. Ordinarily we review the grant or denial of summary judgment de novo. Wolf v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 50 F.3d 793, 796 (10th Cir. 1995). Evidentiary rulings, however, are generally reviewed for abuse of discretion. Hinds v. General Motors Corp., 988 F.2d 1039, 1047 (10th Cir. 1993). The Third and Eleventh Circuits, while acknowledging that evidentiary rulings usually receive greater deference, have nonetheless held that "when the district court's exclusionary evidentiary rulings with respect to scientific opinion testimony will result in a summary or directed judgment, we will give them a `hard look' (more stringent review) to determine if a district court has abused its discretion in excluding evidence as unreliable." In re Paoli R.R. Yard PCB Litig., 35 F.3d 717, 749-750 (3d Cir. 1994) (citation omitted); see Joiner v. General Elec. Co., 78 F.3d 524, 529 (11th Cir. 1996) (applying "a particularly stringent standard of review to the trial judge's exclusion of expert testimony.") The Seventh Circuit, on the other hand, has held that the trial judge's decision to exclude evidence under Daubert should be reviewed for abuse of discretion, even when that decision results in summary judgment. Buckner v. Sam's Club, Inc., 75 F.3d 290, 292-93 (7th Cir. 1996); see Rosen v. Ciba-Geigy Corp., 78 F.3d 316, 318 (7th Cir. 1996).
Daubert requires district judges to act as gatekeepers to ensure that scientific evidence is both relevant and reliable. Daubert, 113 S. Ct. at 2796-97. This entails two inquiries: whether the reasoning and methodology underlying the testimony is scientifically valid, and whether the reasoning and methodology can properly be applied to the facts. Id. at 2796. Like the Supreme Court, we "are confident that federal judges possess the capacity to undertake this review." Id. Their decisions, therefore, are properly reviewed under the traditional abuse of discretion standard. In this case, the district judge found that the testimony of the plaintiff's expert was not supported by appropriate validation, and therefore was inadmissible under Daubert. After reviewing the record, we conclude that the district judge did not abuse his discretion by excluding this testimony.
We AFFIRM for substantially the reasons given by the district court and ORDER both of the district court's orders in this case to be published.